Exam 1 Flashcards
What part of the brain controls hunger?
a.) cerebellum
b.) thalamus
c.) cortex
d.) hypothalamus
d.) hypothalamus
True or False: estimating the amount of metabolic equivalents of task (METS) an athlete is exerting during exercise is a very accurate means of estimating calorie expenditure.
False
Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger when released?
a.) insulin
b.) ghrelin
c.) cholecystokinin (CCK)
d.) leptin
b.) ghrelin
Which of the following represents the largest percentage of energy usage in the basal metabolic rate?
a.) brain
b.) liver
c.) muscles
d.) digestive system
a.) brain
Which macronutrient has the largest thermic effect on food?
a.) fat
b.) ethanol alcohol
c.) carbohydrates
d.) protein
d.) protein
If a client is exercising at 3 METS, what is their relative VO2?
a.) 10.5mL/kg/min
b.) 3mL/kg/min
c.) 9mL/kg/min
d.) it depends on the client’s bodyweight
a.) 10.5mL/kg/min
Which of the following signaling molecules is considered an adipokine and inhibits the hunger center in the brain?
a.) leptin
b.) insulin
c.) ghrelin
d.) cholecystokinin
a.) leptin
Which of the following factors would most likely have the biggest impact on BMR?
a.) stress
b.) ethnicity
c.) environmental temperature
d.) lean body mass
d.) lean body mass
Which fat-soluble vitamin is primarily seen as an antioxidant?
a.) Vitamin K
b.) Vitamin E
c.) Vitamin D
d.) Vitamin A
b.) Vitamin E
The overconsumption of __________ could potentially be deadly, because the body has no major way of eliminating the mineral.
a.) magnesium
b.) iron
c.) sodium
d.) potassium
b.) iron
Which type of vitamins are humans more likely to over-consume?
a.) water-soluble vitamins
b.) fat-soluble vitamins
b.) fat-soluble vitamins
Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?
a.) potassium
b.) magnesium
c.) calcium
d.) sodium
c.) calcium
True or False: there are multiple forms of all 4 fat-soluble vitamins.
True
If an athlete is suffering from bone density disorder, which fat-soluble vitamin might they be deficient in?
a.) Vitamin A
b.) Vitamin D
c.) Vitamin E
d.) Vitamin K
b.) Vitamin D
Which fat-soluble vitamin has a structure derived from cholesterol?
a.) Vitamin A
b.) Vitamin D
c.) Vitamin E
d.) Vitamin K
b.) Vitamin D
True or False: some athletes could require slightly higher levels of water-soluble vitamins than is generally recommended.
True
Which water-soluble vitamin contains a metal in its chemical structure?
a.) Vitamin B12
b.) Vitamin B3
c.) Vitamin C
d.) no water-soluble vitamin contains a metal
a.) Vitamin B12
If an athlete is consuming a large amount of process foods and avoiding fresh produce, t hey are likely to be consuming too much __________ and not enough __________.
a.) sodium; potassium
b.) sodium; calcium
c.) potassium; magnesium
d.) iron; magnesium
a.) sodium; potassium
Which polysaccharide is a polyglucose molecule that humans cannot metabolize?
a.) cellulose
b.) starch
c.) glycogen
d.) chitin
a.) cellulose
Which area of the body has the largest storage of carbohydrates?
a.) skeletal muscle
b.) liver
c.) brain
d.) pancreas
a.) skeletal muscle
Which type of fatty acids are produced by gut bacteria when they digest and metabolize soluble fiber?
a.) short chain fatty acids
b.) medium chain fatty acids
c.) long chain fatty acids
d.) depends on the type of gut bacteria
a.) short chain fatty acids
What’s the most common type of fatty acid found in the human body?
a.) polyunsaturated fatty acid
b.) saturated fatty acid
c.) monounsaturated fatty acid
d.) omega-3 fatty acid
b.) saturated fatty acid
What type of receptor is stimulated by insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose into adipocytes and muscle cells?
a.) Glucose/Sodium cotransporters
b.) Glut2 receptors
c.) Glut4 receptors
d.) Glut9 receptors
c.) Glut4 receptors
If a person has lunch and consumes a meal with 14g fat, 28g carbs and 13g protein (using Atwater general factors), how many calories did the person consume?
a.) 262 kcals
b.) 145 kcals
c.) 220 kcals
d.) 290 kcals
d.) 290 kcals
True or False: whey protein is the majority of the protein that is found in milk.
False
If a person has a drink that has 0g fat, 0g protein, 26g carbs and 20g alcohol (using Atwater general factors) how many calories did the person consume?
a.) 184kcals
b.) 124 kcals
c.) 288 kcals
d.) 244 kcals
d.) 244 kcals
If a person consumes 40g fat, 50g carbs and 15g protein in a meal, what percentage of fat did they consume?
a.) 58%
b.) 32%
c.) 10%
d.) 54%
a.) 58%
What is the RDA for protein for the average adult ?
a.) 0.8g/kg of bodyweight
b.) 1g/kg of bodyweight
c.) 2g/kg/ of bodyweight
a.) 0.8g/kg of bodyweight
What is the recommended RDA for leucine in an adult male?
a.) 42mg/kg
b.) 38mg/kg
c.) 33mg/kg
d.) 24mg/kg
a.) 42mg/kg
What is the recommended RDA for lyosine in an adult male?
a.) 42mg/kg
b.) 38mg/kg
c.) 33mg/kg
d.) 24mg/kg
b.) 38mg/kg
What is the recommended RDA for phenylalalnine + tyrosine in an adult male?
c.) 33mg/kg
True or False: unlike other amino acids, the majority of BCAA metabolism occurs in skeletal muscle.
True
__________ are structural storage proteins that make up gluten.
a.) histidine
b.) prolamin
c.) isoleucine
d.) organic solvents
b.) prolamin
____________ is the preferred tool for measuring protein quality, used by the FDA and USDA.
a.) BV
b.) PDCAAS
c.) PER
b.) PDCAAS
____________ is a measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food that becomes incorporated into the proteins of the body, essentially measuring the amount of nitrogen in food sources by the amount of nitrogen in excretion.
a.) BV
b.) PDCAAS
c.) PER
a.) BV
____________ is based on the weight gain of a test subject divided by its intake of a particular food protein during a test period, derived from rat growth rates.
a.) BV
b.) PDCAAS
c.) PER
c.) PER
At __________ percent of VO2max, 80% or more energy comes from fat.
a.) 25%
b.) 65%
c.) more than 85%
a.) 25%
True or False: the primary benefits of leucine are maintenance of muscle mass and muscle mass gain.
True
___________ is the most prevalent monosaccharide that can be metabolized by any cell in the body.
a.) fructose
b.) galactose
c.) glucose
c.) glucose
Disacchardise sucrose (added sugar) is made up…
a.) 1 glucose and 1 fructose
b.) 1 glucose and 1 galactose
c.) 2 glucose
d.) 1 fructose and 1 galactose
a.) 1 glucose and 1 fructose
___________ is typically a prebiotic fiber that dissolves in water and is typically fermented in the colon.
a.) soluble fiber
b.) insoluble fiber
a.) soluble fiber
__________ does not dissolve in water, is metabolically inert and is not influenced by digestive enzymes.
a.) soluble fiber
b.) insoluble fiber
b.) insoluble fiber
____________ contain 1 single covalent bond between carbon atoms; all the remaining bonds attach to hydrogen.
a.) monounsaturated fatty acids
b.) polyunsaturated fatty acids
c.) saturated fatty acids
c.) saturated fatty acids
____________ contain 1 double bond along the main carbon chain.
a.) monounsaturated fatty acids
b.) polyunsaturated fatty acids
c.) saturated fatty acids
a.) monounsaturated fatty acids
____________ contain 2 or more double bonds along the main carbon chain.
a.) monounsaturated fatty acids
b.) polyunsaturated fatty acids
c.) saturated fatty acids
b.) polyunsaturated fatty acids
___________ is a trace mineral used by the body to make hemoglobin.
a.) iron
b.) boron
c.) copper
d.) zinc
a.) iron
___________ works as a hormone in the body.
a.) Vitamin A
b.) Vitamin D
c.) Vitamin E
d.) Vitamin K
b.) Vitamin D
Which of the following is NOT a function of Vitamin D?
a.) bone metabolism
b.) muscle function (increases amino acid and troponin C)
c.) development of skin
d.) decreases calcium excretion
e.) inhibit cell proliferation
d.) decreases calcium excretion
True or False: Vitamin E contains antioxidant properties, that are only shown to be beneficial at high altitudes (hypoxic environments).
True
____________ requires the presence of bile salts and are not excreted easily from the body.
a.) water-soluble vitamins
b.) fat-soluble vitamins
b.) fat-soluble vitamins
Bone density is an important function of which two minerals?
a.) calcium and sodium
b.) calcium and iron
c.) calcium and phosphorus
d.) calcium and potassium
c.) calcium and phosphorus
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is associated with…
a.) NDA creation
b.) FAD creation
c.) CoA creation
a.) NDA creation
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) is associated with…
a.) NDA creation
b.) FAD creation
c.) CoA creation
b.) FAD creation
Panothenic Acid is associated with…
a.) NDA creation
b.) FAD creation
c.) CoA creation
c.) CoA creation
___________ refers to consuming more calories that used.
a.) positive energy balance
b.) negative energy balance
a.) positive energy balance
___________ refers to caloric intake falling short of needs, leading to weight loss.
a.) positive energy balance
b.) negative energy balance
b.) negative energy balance
Total energy expenditure is comprised of ___% physical activity, ___% diet-induced thermogenesis and ___% resting energy expenditure.
a.) 10%, 60%, 30%
b.) 25%, 25%, 50%
c.) 30%, 10%, 60%
c.) 50%, 30%, 20%
c.) 30%, 10%, 60%
______________ is the biggest factor that affects resting energy expenditure, followed by ________.
a.) lean body mass; age
b.) lean body mass; gender
c.) lean body mass; surface area
c.) lean body mass; surface area
True or False: timing of meals, exercise, and stimulants can all influence diet induced thermogenesis.
True
________ is a hormone mainly influenced by blood glucose, that can suppress hunger activity and decrease it hunger.
a.) insulin
b.) glucagon
c.) CCK
d.) ghrelin
a.) insulin
______ is primarily produced in the duodenum and is released when the stomach begins distending. It suppresses the hunger center.
a.) insulin
b.) glucagon
c.) CCK
d.) ghrelin
c.) CCK
The main role of _________ is to regulate glucose through insulin levels.
a.) glucagon
b.) leptin
c.) CCK
d.) GIP
d.) GIP
______ stimulates the hunger center.
a.) insulin
b.) glucagon
c.) CCK
d.) ghrelin
d.) ghrelin
