Exam 1

Question 1

What part of the brain controls hunger?

a.) cerebellum
b.) thalamus
c.) cortex
d.) hypothalamus

Answer 1

d.) hypothalamus

Question 2

True or False: estimating the amount of metabolic equivalents of task (METS) an athlete is exerting during exercise is a very accurate means of estimating calorie expenditure.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger when released?

a.) insulin
b.) ghrelin
c.) cholecystokinin (CCK)
d.) leptin

Answer 3

b.) ghrelin

Question 4

Which of the following represents the largest percentage of energy usage in the basal metabolic rate?

a.) brain
b.) liver
c.) muscles
d.) digestive system

Answer 4

a.) brain

Question 5

Which macronutrient has the largest thermic effect on food?

a.) fat
b.) ethanol alcohol
c.) carbohydrates
d.) protein

Answer 5

d.) protein

Question 6

If a client is exercising at 3 METS, what is their relative VO2?

a.) 10.5mL/kg/min
b.) 3mL/kg/min
c.) 9mL/kg/min
d.) it depends on the client’s bodyweight

Answer 6

a.) 10.5mL/kg/min

Question 7

Which of the following signaling molecules is considered an adipokine and inhibits the hunger center in the brain?

a.) leptin
b.) insulin
c.) ghrelin
d.) cholecystokinin

Answer 7

a.) leptin

Question 8

Which of the following factors would most likely have the biggest impact on BMR?

a.) stress
b.) ethnicity
c.) environmental temperature
d.) lean body mass

Answer 8

d.) lean body mass

Question 9

Which fat-soluble vitamin is primarily seen as an antioxidant?

a.) Vitamin K
b.) Vitamin E
c.) Vitamin D
d.) Vitamin A

Answer 9

b.) Vitamin E

Question 10

The overconsumption of __________ could potentially be deadly, because the body has no major way of eliminating the mineral.

a.) magnesium
b.) iron
c.) sodium
d.) potassium

Answer 10

b.) iron

Question 11

Which type of vitamins are humans more likely to over-consume?

a.) water-soluble vitamins
b.) fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 11

b.) fat-soluble vitamins

Question 12

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?

a.) potassium
b.) magnesium
c.) calcium
d.) sodium

Answer 12

c.) calcium

Question 13

True or False: there are multiple forms of all 4 fat-soluble vitamins.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

If an athlete is suffering from bone density disorder, which fat-soluble vitamin might they be deficient in?

a.) Vitamin A
b.) Vitamin D
c.) Vitamin E
d.) Vitamin K

Answer 14

b.) Vitamin D

Question 15

Which fat-soluble vitamin has a structure derived from cholesterol?

a.) Vitamin A
b.) Vitamin D
c.) Vitamin E
d.) Vitamin K

Answer 15

b.) Vitamin D

Question 16

True or False: some athletes could require slightly higher levels of water-soluble vitamins than is generally recommended.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Which water-soluble vitamin contains a metal in its chemical structure?

a.) Vitamin B12
b.) Vitamin B3
c.) Vitamin C
d.) no water-soluble vitamin contains a metal

Answer 17

a.) Vitamin B12

Question 18

If an athlete is consuming a large amount of process foods and avoiding fresh produce, t hey are likely to be consuming too much __________ and not enough __________.

a.) sodium; potassium
b.) sodium; calcium
c.) potassium; magnesium
d.) iron; magnesium

Answer 18

a.) sodium; potassium

Question 19

Which polysaccharide is a polyglucose molecule that humans cannot metabolize?

a.) cellulose
b.) starch
c.) glycogen
d.) chitin

Answer 19

a.) cellulose

Question 20

Which area of the body has the largest storage of carbohydrates?

a.) skeletal muscle
b.) liver
c.) brain
d.) pancreas

Answer 20

a.) skeletal muscle

Question 21

Which type of fatty acids are produced by gut bacteria when they digest and metabolize soluble fiber?

a.) short chain fatty acids
b.) medium chain fatty acids
c.) long chain fatty acids
d.) depends on the type of gut bacteria

Answer 21

a.) short chain fatty acids

Question 22

What’s the most common type of fatty acid found in the human body?

a.) polyunsaturated fatty acid
b.) saturated fatty acid
c.) monounsaturated fatty acid
d.) omega-3 fatty acid

Answer 22

b.) saturated fatty acid

Question 23

What type of receptor is stimulated by insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose into adipocytes and muscle cells?

a.) Glucose/Sodium cotransporters
b.) Glut2 receptors
c.) Glut4 receptors
d.) Glut9 receptors

Answer 23

c.) Glut4 receptors

Question 24

If a person has lunch and consumes a meal with 14g fat, 28g carbs and 13g protein (using Atwater general factors), how many calories did the person consume?

a.) 262 kcals
b.) 145 kcals
c.) 220 kcals
d.) 290 kcals

Answer 24

d.) 290 kcals

Question 25

True or False: whey protein is the majority of the protein that is found in milk.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

If a person has a drink that has 0g fat, 0g protein, 26g carbs and 20g alcohol (using Atwater general factors) how many calories did the person consume?

a.) 184kcals
b.) 124 kcals
c.) 288 kcals
d.) 244 kcals

Answer 26

d.) 244 kcals

Question 27

If a person consumes 40g fat, 50g carbs and 15g protein in a meal, what percentage of fat did they consume?

a.) 58%
b.) 32%
c.) 10%
d.) 54%

Answer 27

a.) 58%

Question 28

What is the RDA for protein for the average adult ?

a.) 0.8g/kg of bodyweight
b.) 1g/kg of bodyweight
c.) 2g/kg/ of bodyweight

Answer 28

a.) 0.8g/kg of bodyweight

Question 29

What is the recommended RDA for leucine in an adult male?

a.) 42mg/kg
b.) 38mg/kg
c.) 33mg/kg
d.) 24mg/kg

Answer 29

a.) 42mg/kg

Question 30

What is the recommended RDA for lyosine in an adult male?

a.) 42mg/kg
b.) 38mg/kg
c.) 33mg/kg
d.) 24mg/kg

Answer 30

b.) 38mg/kg

Question 31

What is the recommended RDA for phenylalalnine + tyrosine in an adult male?

Answer 31

c.) 33mg/kg

Question 32

True or False: unlike other amino acids, the majority of BCAA metabolism occurs in skeletal muscle.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

__________ are structural storage proteins that make up gluten.

a.) histidine
b.) prolamin
c.) isoleucine
d.) organic solvents

Answer 33

b.) prolamin

Question 34

____________ is the preferred tool for measuring protein quality, used by the FDA and USDA.

a.) BV
b.) PDCAAS
c.) PER

Answer 34

b.) PDCAAS

Question 35

____________ is a measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food that becomes incorporated into the proteins of the body, essentially measuring the amount of nitrogen in food sources by the amount of nitrogen in excretion.

a.) BV
b.) PDCAAS
c.) PER

Answer 35

a.) BV

Question 36

____________ is based on the weight gain of a test subject divided by its intake of a particular food protein during a test period, derived from rat growth rates.

a.) BV
b.) PDCAAS
c.) PER

Answer 36

c.) PER

Question 37

At __________ percent of VO2max, 80% or more energy comes from fat.

a.) 25%
b.) 65%
c.) more than 85%

Answer 37

a.) 25%

Question 38

True or False: the primary benefits of leucine are maintenance of muscle mass and muscle mass gain.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

___________ is the most prevalent monosaccharide that can be metabolized by any cell in the body.

a.) fructose
b.) galactose
c.) glucose

Answer 39

c.) glucose

Question 40

Disacchardise sucrose (added sugar) is made up…

a.) 1 glucose and 1 fructose
b.) 1 glucose and 1 galactose
c.) 2 glucose
d.) 1 fructose and 1 galactose

Answer 40

a.) 1 glucose and 1 fructose

Question 41

___________ is typically a prebiotic fiber that dissolves in water and is typically fermented in the colon.

a.) soluble fiber
b.) insoluble fiber

Answer 41

a.) soluble fiber

Question 42

__________ does not dissolve in water, is metabolically inert and is not influenced by digestive enzymes.

a.) soluble fiber
b.) insoluble fiber

Answer 42

b.) insoluble fiber

Question 43

____________ contain 1 single covalent bond between carbon atoms; all the remaining bonds attach to hydrogen.

a.) monounsaturated fatty acids
b.) polyunsaturated fatty acids
c.) saturated fatty acids

Answer 43

c.) saturated fatty acids

Question 44

____________ contain 1 double bond along the main carbon chain.

a.) monounsaturated fatty acids
b.) polyunsaturated fatty acids
c.) saturated fatty acids

Answer 44

a.) monounsaturated fatty acids

Question 45

____________ contain 2 or more double bonds along the main carbon chain.

a.) monounsaturated fatty acids
b.) polyunsaturated fatty acids
c.) saturated fatty acids

Answer 45

b.) polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 46

___________ is a trace mineral used by the body to make hemoglobin.

a.) iron
b.) boron
c.) copper
d.) zinc

Answer 46

a.) iron

Question 47

___________ works as a hormone in the body.

a.) Vitamin A
b.) Vitamin D
c.) Vitamin E
d.) Vitamin K

Answer 47

b.) Vitamin D

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a function of Vitamin D?

a.) bone metabolism
b.) muscle function (increases amino acid and troponin C)
c.) development of skin
d.) decreases calcium excretion
e.) inhibit cell proliferation

Answer 48

d.) decreases calcium excretion

Question 49

True or False: Vitamin E contains antioxidant properties, that are only shown to be beneficial at high altitudes (hypoxic environments).

Answer 49

True

Question 50

____________ requires the presence of bile salts and are not excreted easily from the body.

a.) water-soluble vitamins
b.) fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 50

b.) fat-soluble vitamins

Question 51

Bone density is an important function of which two minerals?

a.) calcium and sodium
b.) calcium and iron
c.) calcium and phosphorus
d.) calcium and potassium

Answer 51

c.) calcium and phosphorus

Question 52

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is associated with…

a.) NDA creation
b.) FAD creation
c.) CoA creation

Answer 52

a.) NDA creation

Question 53

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) is associated with…

a.) NDA creation
b.) FAD creation
c.) CoA creation

Answer 53

b.) FAD creation

Question 54

Panothenic Acid is associated with…

a.) NDA creation
b.) FAD creation
c.) CoA creation

Answer 54

c.) CoA creation

Question 55

___________ refers to consuming more calories that used.

a.) positive energy balance
b.) negative energy balance

Answer 55

a.) positive energy balance

Question 56

___________ refers to caloric intake falling short of needs, leading to weight loss.

a.) positive energy balance
b.) negative energy balance

Answer 56

b.) negative energy balance

Question 57

Total energy expenditure is comprised of ___% physical activity, ___% diet-induced thermogenesis and ___% resting energy expenditure.

a.) 10%, 60%, 30%
b.) 25%, 25%, 50%
c.) 30%, 10%, 60%
c.) 50%, 30%, 20%

Answer 57

c.) 30%, 10%, 60%

Question 58

______________ is the biggest factor that affects resting energy expenditure, followed by ________.

a.) lean body mass; age
b.) lean body mass; gender
c.) lean body mass; surface area

Answer 58

c.) lean body mass; surface area

Question 59

True or False: timing of meals, exercise, and stimulants can all influence diet induced thermogenesis.

Answer 59

True

Question 60

________ is a hormone mainly influenced by blood glucose, that can suppress hunger activity and decrease it hunger.

a.) insulin
b.) glucagon
c.) CCK
d.) ghrelin

Answer 60

a.) insulin

Question 61

______ is primarily produced in the duodenum and is released when the stomach begins distending. It suppresses the hunger center.

a.) insulin
b.) glucagon
c.) CCK
d.) ghrelin

Answer 61

c.) CCK

Question 62

The main role of _________ is to regulate glucose through insulin levels.

a.) glucagon
b.) leptin
c.) CCK
d.) GIP

Answer 62

d.) GIP

Question 63

______ stimulates the hunger center.

a.) insulin
b.) glucagon
c.) CCK
d.) ghrelin

Answer 63

d.) ghrelin