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anatomy > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

which muscle is innervated by the tibial nerve?

A

gastrocnemius muscle

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2
Q

what does the Tibialis anterior cause?

A

dorsiflexion / foot inversion

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3
Q

what does the Extensor digitorum longus cause?

A

toe extension
and dorsiflexion of the foot

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4
Q

what do Fibularis muscles cause?

A

plantar flexion, foot
eversion

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5
Q

what does Soleus cause?

A

plantar flexion

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6
Q

Flexor carpi

A

wrist flexion

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7
Q

Flexor digitorum

A

—finger flexion

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8
Q

Extensor carpi

A

—wrist extension

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9
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

—finger extension

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10
Q

what is mandible elevation and what are the prime movers (agonists)

A

closing the mouth

temporalis, masseters, medial pterygoid

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11
Q

what is mandible depression and what are the prime movers (agonists) and synergists

A

opening the mouth

agonists: digastric, lateral pterygoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

synergists: stylohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

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12
Q

what is mandible protraction and what are the prime movers + synergists?

A

pushing jaw forward (creating underbite)

agonists: lateral pterygoid

synergists: superficial masseter, medial pterygoid

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13
Q

what is mandible retraction and what are the prime movers + synergists?

A

pushing jaw backwards (creating overbite)

agonists: temporalis, deep masseter

synergists: digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid

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14
Q

what is head/neck flexion and what are the prime movers?

A

bending neck downwards to chest

agonists: longus colli, longus capitis, sternocleidomastoid, scalene anterior, rectus capitis

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15
Q

course, and function of the Median nerve:

A

Course: Travels down the arm and forearm, passing through the carpal tunnel.
Function: Innervates muscles of the anterior forearm (e.g., flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus), provides motor innervation to the thenar muscles, and supplies sensation to the palmar aspect of the hand and lateral three and a half digits.

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16
Q

course, and function of the Ulnar nerve:

A

Course: Travels down the arm, passing posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and enters the forearm.
Function: Innervates intrinsic muscles of the hand (e.g., hypothenar muscles, interossei, medial two lumbricals) and provides sensation to the ulnar aspect of the hand and the medial one and a half digits

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17
Q

course, and function of the Radial nerve:

A

Course: Passes through the axilla and posterior compartment of the arm, reaching the posterior forearm.
Function: Innervates muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm (e.g., triceps brachii, anconeus, extensor muscles of the forearm) and provides sensation to the posterior arm, forearm, and dorsal hand.

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18
Q

course, and function of the Sciatic nerve:

A

Course: Passes through the pelvis and descends into the gluteal region before dividing into the tibial and common peroneal nerves in the popliteal fossa.
Function: Innervates muscles of the posterior thigh (hamstrings) and all muscles in the leg and foot, except for those in the anterior compartment of the leg and the short head of the biceps femoris. It also provides sensation to the skin of the leg, foot, and toes.

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19
Q

, course, and function of the Femoral nerve:

A

Course: Travels through the pelvis and enters the thigh under the inguinal ligament.
Function: Innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh (e.g., quadriceps femoris, sartorius, iliopsoas) and provides sensation to the anterior thigh and medial leg.

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20
Q

course, and function of the tibial nerve:

A

Course: Passes through the popliteal fossa and travels down the posterior leg to the foot.
Function: Innervates muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg (e.g., gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior) and intrinsic muscles of the foot. It also provides sensory innervation to the sole of the foot.

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21
Q

course, and function of the Common peroneal nerve:

A

Course: Divides into superficial and deep peroneal nerves in the popliteal fossa.
Function: Innervates muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (e.g., peroneus longus, peroneus brevis) and provides sensation to the anterolateral leg and dorsum of the foot

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22
Q

course, and function of the Obturator nerve:

A

Course: Passes through the obturator foramen and enters the medial compartment of the thigh.
Function: Innervates muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh (e.g., adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis) and provides sensation to the medial aspect of the thigh.

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23
Q

, course, and function of the Deep peroneal nerve:

A

Course: Descends along the anterior compartment of the leg.
Function: Innervates muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (e.g., tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus) and provides sensation to the web space between the first and second toes

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24
Q

course, and function of the Superior gluteal nerve:

A

Course: Emerges from the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle.
Function: Innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles, contributing to hip abduction and medial rotation.

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25
Q

course, and function of the Inferior gluteal nerve:

A

Course: Emerges from the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle.
Function: Innervates the gluteus maximus muscle, contributing to hip extension and lateral rotation

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26
Q

course, and function of the Musculocutaneous nerve:

A

Course: Passes through the axilla and enters the anterior compartment of the arm.
Function: Innervates muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm (e.g., biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis) and provides sensation to the lateral forearm.

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27
Q

course, and function of the Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve:

A

Course: Passes through the pelvis and emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major muscle, running across the iliacus muscle.
Function: Provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the thigh

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28
Q

course, and function of the Saphenous nerve:

A

Course: Passes through the adductor canal and descends along the medial aspect of the leg.
Function: Provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial leg and foot, extending to the medial ankle and foot arch.

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29
Q

course, and function of the Pudendal nerve:

A

Course: Exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, then re-enters through the lesser sciatic foramen.
Function: Innervates muscles of the perineum (e.g., external anal sphincter, urethral sphincter, bulbospongiosus) and provides sensory innervation to the genitalia and perianal region

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30
Q

course, and function of the Axillary nerve:

A

Course: Passes through the quadrangular space in the posterior shoulder.
Function: Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles, contributing to shoulder abduction and external rotation.

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31
Q

course, and function of the Common plantar digital nerve:

A

Course: Distributes along the plantar surface of the foot.
Function: Innervates the plantar aspect of the toes and provides sensation to the plantar surface of the foot.

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32
Q

course, and function of the Medial plantar nerve:

A

Course: Travels along the medial aspect of the foot.
Function: Innervates muscles of the first layer of the foot (e.g., abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis) and provides sensation to the medial sole of the foot

33
Q

course, and function of the Lateral plantar nerve:

A

Course: Travels along the lateral aspect of the foot.
Function: Innervates muscles of the lateral and central layers of the foot (e.g., quadratus plantae, abductor digiti minimi) and provides sensation to the lateral sole of the foot

34
Q

course, and function of the Posterior tibial nerve:

A

Origin: Continuation of the tibial nerve in the foot.
Course: Travels posterior to the medial malleolus and divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves.
Function: Innervates muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg and foot (e.g., flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus) and provides sensation to the plantar aspect of the foot and toes.

35
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the C2 nerve root?

A

rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior

36
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the C3-C4 nerve root?

A

Neck muscles (trapezius, levator scapulae)

37
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the C5 nerve root?

A

Deltoid, biceps brachii (long head), brachialis

38
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the C6 nerve root?

A

Biceps brachii (short head), brachioradialis, supinator, (extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis), pronator teres

39
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the C7 nerve root?

A

Triceps brachii, wrist flexors (flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris), wrist extensors (extensor carpi ulnaris), finger extensors (extensor digitorum, extensor indicis), finger flexors (flexor digitorum profundus), triceps brachii

40
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the C8 nerve root?

A

Finger flexors (flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis), finger extensors (extensor digitorum, extensor indicis)

41
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the Musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Muscles of the anterior arm (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis).

42
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the Axillary nerve?

A

Deltoid, teres minor

43
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the Radial nerve?

A

Posterior arm muscles (triceps brachii, anconeus), forearm extensors (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor indicis), wrist flexors (flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris), finger extensors, thumb abductors (abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus), thumb extensors (extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus), supinator

44
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the Median nerve?

A

Forearm flexors (pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus), thenar muscles (abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis), lumbricals (first and second), index and middle finger flexors

45
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the Ulnar nerve?

A

Forearm flexors (flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundus), intrinsic hand muscles (hypothenar muscles, interossei, lumbricals (third and fourth)), ulnar two lumbricals

46
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the L1-L4 nerve root?

A

Innervation of various abdominal, pelvic, and hip muscles

47
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the L4 nerve root?

A

Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius), tibialis anterior

48
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the L5 nerve root?

A

Extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis

49
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the S1-S2 nerve root?

A

Gluteus maximus, piriformis, hamstring muscles (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris), calf muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus)

50
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the S3-S4 nerve root?

A

Pelvic floor muscles, external anal sphincter

51
Q

what muscle(s) is/are mostly supplied by the Co1 nerve root?

A

Innervation primarily associated with the coccygeus muscle and sensory innervation to the skin over the coccyx

52
Q

prefixes myo and mys refer to

A

muscle

53
Q

prefix sarco refers to

A

flesh

54
Q

body location of skeletal muscle

A

Attached to bone
or skin (for some
facial muscles)

55
Q

body location of cardiac muscle

A

Walls of the heart

56
Q

body location of smooth muscle

A

Mostly in walls of
visceral organs
(other than the
heart)

57
Q

Speed of
contraction of skeletal muscle

A

slow to fast

58
Q

Speed of
contraction of smooth muscle

A

very slow

59
Q

Speed of
contraction of cardiac muscle

A

slow

60
Q

function of Endomysium

A

encloses a single muscle
fiber

61
Q

function of Perimysium

A

wraps around a fascicle
(bundle) of muscle fibers

62
Q

function of Epimysium

A

covers the entire skeletal
muscle

63
Q

function of Fascia

A

on the outside of the epimysium

64
Q

Sites of muscle attachment

A

*Bones
*Cartilages
*Connective tissue coverings

65
Q

Skeletal Muscle Functions

A

*Produce movement
*Maintain posture
*Stabilize joints
*Generate heat

66
Q

what does Flexion do

A

*Decreases the angle of the joint
*Brings two bones closer together
*Typical of bending hinge joints like knee and
elbow or ball-and-socket joints like the hip

67
Q

what does extension do

A

*Opposite of flexion
*Increases angle between two bones
*Typical of straightening the elbow or knee
*Extension beyond 180° is hypertension

68
Q

what does Rotation do

A

*Movement of a bone around its longitudinal
axis
*Common in ball-and-socket joints
*Example is when you move atlas around
the dens of axis (shake your head “no”)

69
Q

what does Abduction do

A

*Movement of a limb away from the midline

70
Q

what does adduction do

A

*Movement of a limb toward the midline

71
Q

what is Dorsiflexion

A

Lifting the foot so that the superior surface
approaches the shin

72
Q

what is plantar flexion

A

Depressing the foot (pointing the toes)

73
Q

what is Supination

A

Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces
anteriorly

74
Q

what is pronation

A

Forearm rotates medially so palm faces
posteriorly

75
Q

Flexor carpi

A

wrist flexion

76
Q

Flexor digitorum

A

—finger flexion

77
Q

*Extensor carpi

A

—wrist extension

78
Q

*Extensor digitorum

A

—finger extension

anatomy (5 decks)

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