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Biology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Non-vascular

A

Liverworts
Mosses
Hornworts

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2
Q

Vascular (Seedless)

A

Lycophytes and Pterophytes

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3
Q

Vascular (seed)

A

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

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4
Q

What plants were the first to evolve to land

A

Bryophytes

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5
Q

Bryophytes

A

Non vascular
Small
High surface to volume ratio
Water permeable surface
Tolerant to dry out
No organs for water intake

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6
Q

Vascular Plants

A

Evolved specialized cells to transport water internally

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7
Q

Vascular Plant traits

A

Use specialized cells to transport nutrients internally
use roots to take up water form the soil

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8
Q

Multicellular Organization

A

Cell–>Tissue–>Organ–>Organ System–> Organism

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9
Q

Meristematic Tissue

A

Allows plants to grow
cells are either completely or partially undifferentiated

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10
Q

Undifferentiated

A

Cells are not specialized for a specific function in the body

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11
Q

Meristems

A

This is where the meristem tissue is located it is an area of continuous growth and cell division

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12
Q

Meristem types:

A

Apical
lateral
intercalary

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13
Q

Apical

A

At the tips of branches or roots
Allow the plants to increase in length

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14
Q

Lateral

A

Found in the Branches
Increase the girth of the plant
in rings inside the branches

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15
Q

Intercalary

A

Only found in monocots (grasses)
Evolutionary adaptation to heavy grazing (mowing grass)
Allows increase in length after the ends have been removed

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16
Q

Permanent Tissue

A

Plants that are no linger actively dividing
Often a result from meristem tissue completing differentiation

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17
Q

Types of permanent tissue:

A

Dermal Tissue
Vascular Tissue
Ground tissue

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18
Q

Dermal Tissue

A

Covers and protects the plant

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19
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

Transports water and minerals and sugar within the plant

20
Q

Ground Tissue

A

Site for photosynthesis
Supporting matrix for vascular tissue
Storage for water or sugars

21
Q

Vascular plant organs

A

Leaves
Stem
Roots

22
Q

Stem Purpose

A

Connect the roots to the leaves
Transport water or minerals
Transport sugars made in photosynthesis
support the plant

23
Q

Stem Anatomy

A

Node
Internode
Petiole
Leaf

24
Q

Nodes

A

Points of attachment for leaves roots and flowers
Connecting points

25
Q

internode

A

stem region between nodes

26
Q

Petiole

A

Stalk that connects leaf to stem

27
Q

Leaf

A

Primary site of photosynthesis

28
Q

Stem Tissues

A

Parenchyma cells
collenchyma cells
Sclerenchyma cells

29
Q

Parenchyma cells

A

most common plant cells
found in the stem, leaf, root and the pulp of fruit
Responsible for metabolic functions (photosynthesis, wound repair, and starch storage

30
Q

Collenchyma cells

A

Alive at maturity-done dividing
found below the epidermis
provide structural support (celery strings)

31
Q

Sclerenchyma cells

A

-Mostly dead at maturity
-cell walls thickened with lignin (makes wood hard)
-Provides structural support

32
Q

Epidermis

A

-One cell layer thick
-most numerous and least differentiated
-Primary purpose is to provide a barrier between the outside and inside of the organism
-Evolved to generate very quickly

33
Q

Stomata

A

Located on epidermis
Allows for gas exchange (water vapor and CO2)

34
Q

Guard cells

A

On either side of the stomata and controls its opening and closing

35
Q

Trichomes

A

Hair like structures on epidermis
-used to defend plants against herbivores
-may store chemical defenses

36
Q

Xylem

A

Carries water in the plant
-arrangement of xylem is different in monocots and dicots
-xylem is dead when mature

37
Q

Dicot stem

A

Phloem and xylem are organized in a ring

38
Q

Monocot Stem

A

Phloem and Xylem are sporadically throughout the stem

39
Q

Phloem

A

-transports carbs and minerals
-tissue is alive at maturity
-phloem cells do not have nuclei and are little more than living tubes

40
Q

Phloem components

A

Sieve-tube cells
companion cells

41
Q

Sieve- tube cells

A

arranged end to end with sieve plate connecting their cytosol

42
Q

Companion cells

A

alongside sieve tubes
- have extra ribosomes and mitochondria
- provides sieve tubes with extra support

43
Q

Roots

A

-absorb water, minerals, and nutrients from the soil
-provide stability for the plant by growing into the soil
- store sugars

44
Q

Root anatomy

A

Root cap
root hairs
casparian strip

45
Q

Root cap

A

-area of rapid cell replacement from which cells are damaged for always burrowing into the soil

46
Q

Root Hairs

A
  • extensions of the root epidermis to maximize surface area
47
Q

Casparian Strip

A

Waxy tissue layer at the outer edge of the endodermis in the root
- forces active transport of water and solutes to enter the phloem and xylem

Biology (6 decks)

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