Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
deuterostome
A
mouth opening forms second
1
Q
protosome
A
mouth opening forms first
2
Q
invertebrate nervous system
A
ventral solid nerve cord
3
Q
incomplete digestive system
A
only one opening (mouth)
4
Q
complete digestive system
A
two openings (mouth and anus)
5
Q
3 embryonic tissues
A
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
6
Q
ectoderm
A
makes skin and nervous system
7
Q
mesoderm
A
makes muscle, bone, circulatory system
8
Q
endoderm
A
makes respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive systems
9
Q
diploblastic
A
has endoderm and ectoderm
10
Q
triploblastic
A
has all 3 embryonic tissues
11
Q
saltwater challenges
A
more salt in water than in the organism, pulls water out of the org, have made glands to remove salt
12
Q
freshwater challenge
A
more salt in the organism than in the water, have made a urinary system to remove extra water
13
Q
Protostome development
A
mouth first, spiral cleavage, 3 types of coeloms, paired ventral nerve cords, exoskeleton
14
Q
deuterostome development
A
mouth second, radial cleavage, coelomates only, dorsal nerve cord, endoskeleton
15
Q
3 types of coeloms
A
coelomates, acoelomates, pseudocoelomates
16
Q
coelomates
A
have a true coelom (fluid filled cavity around organs)
17
Q
acoelomates
A
don’t have a coelom
18
Q
pseudocoelomates
A
cavity that only holds the digestive tract, fake coelom
19
Q
Inverts with radial symmetry
A
cnidaria, ctenophores
20
Q
lophotrochozoans
A
make trochophore larvae that have a band of cilia
21
Q
ecdysozoa
A
molt (shed a cuticle or exoskeleton)
22
Q
porifera
A
sponges
23
Q
ostia
A
many porocytes where water flow into the org
24
oscula
only one opening, where water flows out of the org
25
6 porifera cell types
1. porocytes
2. pinacocytes
3. choanocytes
4. sclerocytes
5. archeocytes
6. spongocytes
26
pinacocytes
epidermis of sponge
27
choanocytes
line spongocoel, used for filter feeding and reproduction
28
spongocoel
large internal chamber of sponges
29
scleocytes
make barbed spicules (defensive structure)
30
archeocytes
stem cells, digestion, reproduction, cite of fertilization
31
spongocytes
make the protein spongin, framework of sponge
32
3 poriferan body plans
1. asconid
2. syconid
3. leuconid
33
asconid body plan
simple tube with non branching incurrent canals, choanocytes are only in the spongocoel
34
syconid body plan
more complex tube, incurrent branching radial canals (choanocyte lined)
35
leuconid body plan
most complex, bare incurrent canal, choanocyte lined chambers
36
4 classes of porifera
1. calcarean
2. demospongiae
3. hexactinellid
4. homoscleromorph
37
calcarean class
have calcium carbonate spicules
38
demospongiae class
majority of sponges, silica and chitin spicules, includes freshwater sponges
39
hexactinellid class
6-sided spicules, silica skeletons
40
homoscleromorph class
no spicules, cilitated pinacocytes (sea urchins)
41
do poriferans have tissues?
no
42
cnidarians
stinging animals
43
polyp stage
sessile w/ mouth up, juvenile colonial, asexual
44
medusa stage
free swimming jellyfish, adult, sexual repro
45
3 types of stingers
nematocyst, spirocyst, ptychocyst
46
nematocyst
harpoon with venom
47
spirocyst
entangle/lasso prey, no venom
48
ptychocyst
sticky threads ejected
49
Anthozoans
polyp form of cnidarians
50
Hexacorallia
have 6 tentacles, hard corals or sea anemones
51
octocorallia
8 tentacles, feathered soft corals
52
Ctenophores structures from cnidarians
radial symmetry, diploblasts, incomplete digestive tract
53
ctenophores derived structures
fused cilia, bioluminescence, retractable tentacles, colloblasts on tentacles that secrete a sticky mucus
54
4 classes of Platyhelminthes
1. Turbellaria
2. Cestode/tapeworm
3. trematode/liver fluke
4. monogean
55
platyhelminthes
flat worms
56
turbellaria
free living, branched GVC, benthic (sit on sea floor)
57
GVC
gastrovascular cavity (incomplete digestive tract)
58
cestode/tapeworm
endoparasite, no GVC, digenean (live in 2 hosts)
59
trematode/liver fluke
digenean, vertebrate endoparasite, gonochoristic (separate sexes)
60
monogenean
fish ectoparasite, have one host
61
3 organisms that do eutely
nematodes, tardigrades, rotifers
62
eutely
stop division when reaching a certain number of cells
63
brachiopods
have a top and bottom shell, brachium (2 arms covered with cilia)
64
molluscs
have a right and left shell
65
3 layers of mollusc shells
1. nacreous layer
2. prismatic layer
3. periostracum
66
nacreous layer
highly reflective newly made shell (innermost)
67
prismatic layer
thickest, made of hard calcium carbonate
68
periostracum
thin protein layer, creates stripes or spots, outermost
69
gastropods
snails
70
5 types of gastropod shells
1. prosobranchs
2. opisthobranchs
3. nudibranchs
4. anaspidea
5. pulmonata
71
prosobranchs
gastropod with spikey shells
72
opisthobranch
detorsion, thin or absent shell
73
nudibranchs
sea slugs, no shell
74
anaspidea
sea hares, internal shell
75
pulmonata
terrestrial snails and slugs
76
cephalopods- nautilus
~90 arms, external chambered shell, live in largest chamber
77
cephalopods- octopus
8 arms, no shell, better at crawling
78
cephalopods- squid
8 arms, internal solid shell, has 2 feeding tentacles
79
cephalopods- cuttlefish
10 arms, internal hollow chambered shell
80
annelids
worms
81
polychaetae
most abundant annelid, have antenna, aquatic
82
prostomium
first segment, sensory only
83
peristomium
second segment, has mouth
84
pygidium
last segment, get rid of waste, where new segments are generated
85
clitellates
annelid with no trochophore larvae, have ocelli (eyes), antenna, parapodia, metamere segments
86
4 groups of arthropods
trilobites, chelicerates, hexapods, myriapods
86
chelicerates
have pincers, fangs, or claws to feed
87
crustaceans
10 legged aquatic chelicerate
88
arachnids
8 legged terrestrial chelicerate
89
hexapods
insects with 6 legs
90
myriapods
centipedes and millipedes
91
arthropod derived characteristics
jointed exoskeleton, open circulatory system, compound eyes, pheromones
92
compound eyes
ommatidia, have a lens at one end, photoreceptors at the other end
93
4 groups of arachnids
1. mites
2. ticks
3. scorpions
4. spiders
94
mites
parasitic, cause scabies
95
ticks
parasitic, cause lyme disease
96
scorpions and spiders
free living arachnids
97
Crustacean pereopods
walking legs
98
Crustacean pleopods
swimmerets, not used for walking
99
shrimp
5 pairs of legs
100
krill
8 pairs of legs
101
amphipods
long appendages, 1 pair antenna, walkers
102
isopods
terrestrial crustaceans
103
entognath
internal mouth parts
104
ectognath
external mouth parts, insects
105
hemimetabolous
incomplete metamorphosis, nymphs gradually resemble adults
106
nymphs
stage between molts
107
holometabolous
complete metamorphosis, instars transform into adults within a pupa
108
instars
young that don't resemble the adults
109
pupa/chrysallis
protective structure, where metamorphosis happens
110
odonata
dragonflies, oldest flying insect, can't fold wings
111
orthoptera
sound producing by stridulation, long hind legs, crickets, grasshoppers
112
coleoptera
biggest group, beetles, 2 pairs of wings, 1st pair of wings is a hard shell
113
lepidoptera
butterflies and moths
114
butterflies
at rest have wings together
115
moths
at rest have wings spread
116
diptera
flies and mosquitos, 1 pair of wings
117
psocodea
lice
118
siphonaptera
fleas, flightless, good jumpers
119
hymenoptera
bees, vespids, ants, have caste societies
120
homoptern
aphids, major plant pests, cicada
121
isoptera
termites, caste societies, have soldiers
122
hemiptera
stink bugs, bed bugs, have defense odor
123
mosquitos diseases
malaria, west nile, dengue
124
tsetse fly diseases
african sleeping sickness
125
housefly diseases
cholera
126
siphonaptera/fleas diseases
bubonic plague
127
psocodea/lice diseases
typhus
128
where echinoderms live
all marine
129
echinoderms derived structures
deuterosotmes, endoskeletons, radial symmetry, mutable connective tissue (can liquify)
130
water vascular system functions
internal transport, excretion, respiration, movement
131
echinoderm madreporite
opening for seawater to enter the water vascular system
132
sedentary echinoderm
crinoid (sea lilies)
133
echinoderm extendable stomach
cardiac stomach
134
echinoderm non extendable stomach
pyloric stomach
