Exam 3

Question 1

identity crisis

Answer 1

Erikson’s term for the intense period of struggle that adolescents may experience in the course of forming an identity.

Question 2

identity diffusion

Answer 2

An identity status that combines no exploration with no commitment.

• Perceive parents as controlling
• Feel rejected and detached from parents
• External locus of control
• Shallow relationships
• High anxiety
• Chronic drug users

Question 3

identity moratorium

Answer 3

An identity status that involves exploration but no commitment.

• Lack defined goals
• Family encourages exploration
• High anxiety

Question 4

identity foreclosure

Answer 4

Commitment, but no exploration.

• Have not examined alternatives
• High on conformity
• High on authoritarianism
• Conservative
• High self-esteem
• Task-oriented

Question 5

identity achievement

Answer 5

Have explored and commited.

• Reflective
• Self-confident
• Academically successful
• Realistic goals

Question 6

hybrid identity

Answer 6

Integrating local culture with elements of global culture.

Question 7

marginality

Answer 7

In the formation of ethnic identity, the option that involves rejecting one’s culture of orgin but also feeling rejected by the majority culture.

Question 8

authoritative parenting

Answer 8

Parenting style in which parents are high in demandingness and high responsiveness.

They love their children but also set clear standards for behavior and explain and explain to their children the reasons for thise standards.

• Secure attachment
• More common in white familys

Question 9

authoritarian parents

Answer 9

Parenting style in which parents are high in demandingness but low in responsiveness.

Yhey require obedoence from their children and punish disobedience without compromise, but show little warmpth or affection toward them.

• More common in minority families

Question 10

permissive parents

Answer 10

Parenting style in which the parents are low in demandingness and high in responsiveness.

They show love and affection toward their children but are permissive with reguard to standard to standards for behavior.

• Indulgement
• Insecurley attatched

Question 11

disengaged parents

Answer 11

Parenting style in which parents are low in both demandingness and responsiveness and are uninvolved in their children’s development.

• Neglectful
• Insecure attachment

Question 12

secure attachment

Answer 12

• Mother is the “secure base”
• Seek physical comfort if frightened or threatened

Question 13

insecure attachment

Answer 13

• Infants wary of exploring the enviorment
• Resist or avoid the mother when she attempts to offer comfort or consolation

Question 14

biculturalism

Answer 14

In the formation of ethnic identity, the approach that involves developing a dual identity, one based in the ethnic group of orgin and one based on the majority culture.

Question 15

demandingness

Answer 15

The degree to which parents set down rules and expectations for behavior and require their children to comply with them.

Question 16

responsiveness

Answer 16

The degree to which parents are sensitive to their children’s needs and express love, warmpth, and concern for them.

Question 17

What are the effects of secure attatchment on adolescents?

Answer 17

• High self esteem
• Better psychological and physical health
• Closer relationship with friends and romantic partners
• More autonomous and self-reliant

Question 18

What are the effects of secure attachment on young adults?

Answer 18

• Higher educational and occupational attainment
• Lower psychological problems
• Lower drug use

Question 19

autonomy

Answer 19

The quality of being independent and self-sufficent, capable of thinking for one’s self.

Question 20

bidirectional / reciprocal effects

Answer 20

In relations between parents and children, the concept that children not ony are affected by their parents but affect their parents in return.

Question 21

differential parenting

Answer 21

When parents’ behavior differs toward siblings within the same family.

Question 22

nonshared enviormental influences

Answer 22

Influences experienced differently among siblings within the same family.

When parents behave differently with their different children.

Question 23

traditional parenting style

Answer 23

• High in responsiveness and high in demandingness
  
  • The kind that does not encourage discussion and debate
• Expects compliance
  
  • Cultural beliefs; inherent authority of the parental role
• High educational achievement
• Lower rates of behavioral problems

Question 24

Which parenting style is most common?

Answer 24

Indifferent

Question 25

Which parenting style is the most rare in other cultures?

Answer 25

Authoritative

Question 26

familismo

Answer 26

Concept of family life characteristic of Latino cultures that emphasizes the love, closeness, and mutual obligations of family life.

Question 27

intimacy

Answer 27

The degree to which two people share personal knowledge, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 28

selective association

Answer 28

The principle that most people tend to choose friends who are similar to themselves.

Question 29

Why do adolescents become firends?

Answer 29

Similarity in;

• age & gender
• emotional orientation
• media and leisure preferences
• participating in risky behavior
• ethnicity

Question 30

What functions do peers serve?

Answer 30

• Give feedback on acceptable behavior
• Practice new roles “safe setting”
• Encourage seperation from parents
• Important role in identity search

Question 31

informational support

Answer 31

Between friends, advice on guidance in solving personal problems.

“What should I do? Should I ask Jim to go out with me?”

Question 32

instrumental support

Answer 32

Between friends, help with tasks of various kinds.

“Thanks for helping me with my math homework.”

Question 33

companionship support

Answer 33

Between friends, reliance on each other as companions in social activities.

“Let’s go to the game together- that way we can sit together. I dont know anyone at Riverdale High.”

Question 34

esteem support

Answer 34

The support friends provide each other by providing congradulations for success and encouragement or consolation for failure.

“Don’t worry about it, you’re the best guitar player here. You’ll win the songwriters contest next time.”

Question 35

rejected adolescents

Answer 35

Adolescents who are actively disliked by their peers.

Question 36

neglected adolescents

Answer 36

Adolescens who have few or no friends and are largely unnoticed by their peers.

Question 37

social skills

Answer 37

Skills for sucessfully handeling social social relations and getting along well with others.

Question 38

peer conformity

Answer 38

• Has both positive and negative effects
• Highest during early adolescence
• Adolescence in the 9th grade have the highest rate of conformity

Question 39

Peer popularity depends on…

Answer 39

• Social skills
• Personality
• Athletic ability
• Physical attractiveness

Question 40

What do children focus on when it comes to friendship?

Answer 40

• Shared activities
• Superficial aspects

Question 41

What do adolescents focus on when it comes to friendship?

Answer 41

• shared feelings
• trust
• emotional support

Question 42

What do young adults focus on when it comes to friendship?

Answer 42

• leisure activities
• tend to spend less time together

Question 43

During adolescents, what amount of time is typically spent with the family?

Answer 43

28 hours per day

( decreases )

Question 44

During adolescence, what amount of time is typically spent with friends?

Answer 44

103 minutes per day

( increases )