Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Puberty

A

The changes in physiology, anatomy, and physiological functioning that develop a person into a mature adult biologically and prepare the body for sexual reproduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endocrine system

A

A network of glands in the body. Through hormones, the glands coordinate their functioning and affect the development and functioning of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals, released by the glands of the endocrine system, that affects the development and functioning of the body, including development during puberty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypothalamus

A

The “master gland” located in the lower part of the brain beneath the cortex, that affects a wide range of physiological and psychological functioning and stimulates and regulates the production of hormones by other glands, including the ones involved in the initiation of puberty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

Hormone released by the hypothalamus that causes gonadotropins to be released by the pituitary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Leptin

A

A protein produced by fat cells, that signals the hypothalamus to initiate the hormonal change of puberty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pituitary gland

A

A gland about half an inch long located at the base of the brain that releases gonadotrophins as part of the body’s preparation for reduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Stimulates the development of gametes and sex hormones in the ovaries and testes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gametes

A

Cells distinctive to each sex, that are involved in reproduction. (ex. sperm, eggs )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sex hormones

A

Androgens and estrogens that cause the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Androgens

A

Sex hormone that are specifically high in males from puberty onward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Estradiol

A

The estrogen most important in pubertal development in girls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Feedback loop

A

System of hormones involving the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads, which monitors and adjusts the levils of sex hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Set point

A

Optimal levil of sex hormones in teh body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peak height velocity

A

THe point at which the adolescence growth spurt is at its maximum rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Asynchronicity

A

Uneven growth of different parts of the body, results in a “gangly” look.

17
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

The production of eggs and sperm and the development of sex organs.

18
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Bodily changes of puberty not directly related to reproduction.

19
Q

Spermarche

A

The beginning of development of sperm in boy’s testicles at puberty.

20
Q

Secular trend

A

A change in the characteristics of a population over time.

21
Q

Reaction range

A

Term meaning that genes establish a range of possible development and enviorment determines where development takes place within that range.

22
Q

Frontal lobes

A

Known to be involved in higher brain functions such as planning ahead and analyzing complex problems.

23
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

Following overproduction, the process by which the number of synapses in the brain are reduced, making brain functioning faster and more efficient but less flexible.

24
Q

How much of the brain is developed by age 6?

A

95%

25
Q

Cerebellum

A

Continues to grow throughout adolescence and is involved functions such as movement, math, music decision making and social skills.