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Bio exam 3 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sponges

A

Have mo muscle cells at all , rooted to the ground, They don’t move from place to place.

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2
Q

Jelly Fishes

A

Have muscles that contract to squeeze a fluid full activity, powering movement by jet propulsion.

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3
Q

Mammals

A

Have limbs for locomotion which are powered by the coordinated actions of muscles attached to internal skeleton.

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4
Q

Insect

A

same as Mammals but their skeleton is external.

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5
Q

what are the majority of all animal species?

A

Insects

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6
Q

What organism is closely related to animals?

A

Choanoflagellates

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7
Q

choanoglagellates

A

a group of single cell Eukaryotes
are mostly unicellular, whereas animals are multicellular.

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8
Q

Multicellularity

A

Is not unique feature of animal, plants and Fungi are also Multicellular.

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9
Q

Heterotrophs

A

animals, gaining energy and carbon from preformed organic molecules.
Important- separates animals from plants!!!

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10
Q

what do animals cells lack?

A

Cell wall, allowing cells to move during development and in the adult animal.

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11
Q

What is the difference between animals and plants?

A

Animals have a pattern of early embryological developments that begins with a hollow ball of cells called the blastula and includes the movement of embryonic cells , usually to form a gastrula. A process unique to animals.

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12
Q

Animals

A

are Multicellular heterotrophic eukarotyes with a distinctive mode of early development.

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13
Q

Porifera

A

sponges, an animal phylum characterized by few cell types, not wall defined tissues and no clearly defined plane of symmetry.

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14
Q

Cnidaria

A

A phylum characterized by radical symmetry, two germ tissues in the embryo, a close internal gastric cavity and well developed tissues but not organs includes Jellyfishes, sea anemones and corals.

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15
Q

Bilateria

A

Most other animals, including insects, humans and snails shows bilateral symmetry.

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16
Q

Movement of Bilateral symmetry

A

are able to move horizontal to capture pray, find shelter and escape from enemy

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17
Q

Cephlization

A

A concentration of nervous system components at the end of the body.
Key feature of body plan of most bilaterian animal, including vertebrate.

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18
Q

Segmentation

A

The formation of discrete repeating parts or segment in the developing body of many animals.

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19
Q

Drosopphila Melanogaster

A

Fruit fly, have head, thorax and abdomen.

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20
Q

What three animals are known for showing segmented body plan?

A

arthropods( insects, spiders, and crustaceans)

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21
Q

segmented annelids

A

segmented worms

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22
Q

chordates

A

vertebrates

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23
Q

Why has segmentation evolve?

A

adaptation to higher mobility.

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24
Q

Diploblastic

A

Describe animal in which the embryo the embryo have two germ layer, the endoderm and ectoderm, from which the adult tissues develop.

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25
Q

Triploblastic

A

Describes animals in which the embryo have three germ layer with the mesoderm between the endoderm and ectoderm.

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26
Q

Protostomes (second mouth)

A

A bilarterain in which the blastopore, the first opening to the internal cavity of the developing embryo, becomes the mouth. The taxonomic name is Protostomia, and the group includes mollusks and arthropods.

27
Q

Deuterostomes (second mouth)

A

A bilarterian in which the blastopore, the opening to the internal cavity of the devloping embryo, becomes the anus. the taxonomic name is the deuterostomia and includes human and other chordates.

28
Q

what are Protostomes

A

Nematodes( ground worms), arthropods( insects, spiders, and crustaceans). Mollusks ( gastropods, like snails and slugs, bivalves like clams and mussels and cephalopods (squids and octopus). Annelids ( segmented worms) and flat worms.

29
Q

what are deuterostomes

A

blastrope becomes the anus and the mouth formes second
includes chordates such as vertebrates and encinoderms, such as area stars, sea urchins and sea sand dollars

30
Q

what four cells are organized in animal ?

A

epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous

31
Q

Tissues

A

are collection of cells that work together to perform a specific function.

32
Q

organ

A

two or more tissues that combine and function together.

33
Q

epidermis

A

epithelial tissues

34
Q

epithelial tissues

A

A type of animal tissue that provide provide a lining for all the spaces inside and outside the body. it is composed of closely packed cells.

35
Q

Connective tissues

A

A type of animal tissues that under line epithelial tissues and is found else where as well it has an extensive extracellular matrix and few cells.

36
Q

Muscle tissues

A

A type of animal tissues made up of cells (fiber) that are able to shorten or contract resulting in movement.

37
Q

Nervous tissues

A

a type of animal tissue found in the nerve net of cnidarians and in the brain , spinal cord and peripheral nerves of vertebrate. It takes in sensory information from the environment, processes information and send signals to target organs to elicit a response.

38
Q

organ system

A

A group of organs that have related functions for example ,the intestine is one organ of the digestive system which also includes the stomach, liver, pancreas and other organ.

39
Q

Homeostasis

A

the active regulation and maintenance of a stable internal physiological state in the face of a changing external environment.

40
Q

Negative feedback

A

A process of which the output or product of a pathway opposes the initial stimulus so that steady condition are maintained negative feedback often underlies homeostasis in a cell or organism.

41
Q

set point

A

A steady state value in homeostatic regulation

42
Q

A phase of rapid animal diversification that took place approximately 541 million years ago and is documented by the Burgess shale. Most of the major groups phyla of animals that exist today first appeared in the fossil record during this relatively short period of geologic time.

A

Cambrian explosion

43
Q

mass extinctions

A

A catastrophic drop in recorded diversity, which has occurred five or more times in the past 541 million years.

44
Q

what are haploid gametes

A

are made of meiosis in animals and but are made by mitosis in plants and fungi.

45
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Binary fission ,budding, fragmentation , parthenogenesis

46
Q

Binary fission

A

Bacteria and Archaea

47
Q

Budding

A

yeast

48
Q

Fragmentation

A

some molds, algae, worms, sea stars and coral

49
Q

parthenogenesis

A

a lot of invertebrates and few special vertebrates.

50
Q

Higher rate of failure

A

environmental sexual reproduction needs a lot of gametes and eggs.
needs to get eggs close to sperm

51
Q

Bilaterians (The coelom)

A

A fluid filled body cavity which cushions the internal organs against hard blows to the body and enables the body to turn without twisting these organs.

52
Q

Amnions

A

more freedom from water for reproduction the amnions, a membrane surrounding a fluid-filled cavity that allows the embryo to develop in watery environment.

53
Q

what are Amnions

A

reptiles, birds, mammal

54
Q

Development Animals

A

development of all animals involves coordinated events from the molecule to the organism level.

55
Q

lateral development

A

occurs in distinctive stages
. Larva- (in some) a free living stage different in form from adults
. Juvenile
Adults

56
Q

One cellular level

A

there are changes in cell form cell, cell interaction and cell positions

57
Q

what is unique to animal developments?

A

Changes in cell position are unique to animal development.

58
Q

Genetic level development

A

is regulated by
distinctive bits of genetic code shared across the entire
group of Eukarya

59
Q

Drosophila eye tissue development

A

has been stimulated in several areas of the fruit fly body using eyeless’ gene and homeobox proteins that signal development.

60
Q

EAF- Ediacaran Period

A

579 million years ago Precambrian, simple shape, many flat, no obvious head or tail.

61
Q

The Cambrian fossil

A

541-485 mya the body plans characteristic of most
Bilaterian phyla took shape in a
transition period called the Cambrian
explosion.

62
Q

Why transition period

A

It was a relatively short time with a
huge accumulation of new characters – lots of new stuff appearing in a
short time is not normal, hence,
“transition”

63
Q

Brachiopod Fossils

A

Ordovician (489–444 mya)
Majority of ‘shells’ would
be from brachiopods, not
a modern mollusk as we
see today – clams, snails,
etc.

64
Q
A

Bio exam 3 (7 decks)

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