Exam 3 Flashcards
The trochlear notch, olecranon process, coronoid process, and trochlear sulcus are structures of what bone?
The ulna
The medial epicondyle, trochlea, and capitulum are structures of what bone?
The humerus
condition in which excessive mucus is secreted into the bronchi, causing cough and shortness of breath
Bronchitis
irreversible lung disease in which spaces in the alveoli become enlarged and a loss of alveolar elasticity resulting in seriously labored breathing
Emphysema
occurs when objects block the air passages of the bronchial tree
Aspiration
a persistent obstruction of the airway causing difficulty in emptying the lungs of air
COPD
excess fluid in the lungs frequently caused by an issue with pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary edema
On an image of the Lateral Scapula, the lateral and vertebral borders of the scapula are demonstrated without superimposition, the thick border is next to the ribs, and the thin border is demonstrated laterally.
The patient was ___ to superimpose the scapular borders
rotated more than needed
The IR is positioned at the ___ of the affected shoulder so it is aligned ___ to the CR for an inferosuperior axial shoulder projection.
top; perpendicular
When evaluating the image of an AP Externally Rotated Shoulder, you determine that the medial clavicular end has been rolled away from the vertebral column.
The patient was not in a true AP, but was [x]
rotated toward the affected shoulder
Chest radiographs should exhibit ___ radiographic/image contrast with ___ shades of gray
long scale; many
Involuntary motion can be controlled by:
Using the shortest possible exposure time
An AP shoulder image obtained in a patient whose upper midcoronal plane was tilted anteriorly demonstrates the superior scapular angle ___ to the midclavicle
superior
An AP shoulder image demonstrates longitudinal foreshortening of the scapular body when the:
patient’s upper midcoronal plane is tilted
An AP clavicular image obtained with the patient rotated away from the affected shoulder demonstrates the medial clavicular end ___ over the vertebral column
superimposed
A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the clavicle demonstrates that the clavicle is within the midaspect of the lung apices. What should the technologist do to correct this error?
Increase the cephalic CR angle
A posterior oblique (Grashey) shoulder image obtained with the patient rotated less than required to obtain accurate positioning demonstrates:
a closed glenohumeral joint
Where is the CR centered for the bilateral AC joint projection on a single IR?
1 inch above the jugular notch
For an AP without-weights AC joint image (uni-lateral):
1. the central ray is centered to the AC joint
2. the midcoronal plane is positioned parallel with the IR
3. a grid is used if the patient’s AP measurement is 6 inches (15 cm)
4. the patient’s shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR
1, 2, 3 and 4
A 72-inch (180-cm) SID is used for radiographs of the:
AC joint
Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the coronoid process?
AP oblique with medial rotation
An AP oblique of the elbow with internal (medial) rotation shows the proximal radius and ulna parallel to each other. The patient positioning error could be corrected by:
Increasing internal rotation
A radiograph of the PA scaphoid projection (PA with ulnar deviation) reveals extensive superimposition of the scaphoid and adjacent carpals. Which of the following factors can lead to this problem?
Insufficient ulnar deviation
A lateral wrist image obtained with the elbow flexed 90 degrees and the humerus placed parallel with the IR demonstrates:
1. the ulnar styloid distal to the midline of the ulnar head
2. superimposition of the radius and ulna
3. superimposition/alignment of the distal scaphoid and pisiform
4. the ulnar styloid in profile
2, 3 and 4
Why should a forearm never be taken as a PA projection?
It causes the radius to cross over the ulna
For the scapular lateral projection, the patient is rotated:
45 to 60 degrees
For the Inferosuperior axial projection of the shoulder, the CR is centered ___ to the axilla and humeral head
horizontally
For the AP projection of the scapula, the arm is abducted ___ degrees and the hand is ___
90; supinated
For the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder, the patient is rotated:
35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side
For the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder, the CR is directed:
2 inches inferior and 2 inches medial to the superolateral border of the shoulder
For the AP axial projection of the clavicle, the CR angle should be increased for patients who are classified as:
Asthenic
