Exam 3

Question 1

The trochlear notch, olecranon process, coronoid process, and trochlear sulcus are structures of what bone?

Answer 1

The ulna

Question 2

The medial epicondyle, trochlea, and capitulum are structures of what bone?

Answer 2

The humerus

Question 3

condition in which excessive mucus is secreted into the bronchi, causing cough and shortness of breath

Answer 3

Bronchitis

Question 4

irreversible lung disease in which spaces in the alveoli become enlarged and a loss of alveolar elasticity resulting in seriously labored breathing

Answer 4

Emphysema

Question 5

occurs when objects block the air passages of the bronchial tree

Answer 5

Aspiration

Question 6

a persistent obstruction of the airway causing difficulty in emptying the lungs of air

Answer 6

COPD

Question 7

excess fluid in the lungs frequently caused by an issue with pulmonary circulation

Answer 7

Pulmonary edema

Question 8

On an image of the Lateral Scapula, the lateral and vertebral borders of the scapula are demonstrated without superimposition, the thick border is next to the ribs, and the thin border is demonstrated laterally.

The patient was ___ to superimpose the scapular borders

Answer 8

rotated more than needed

Question 9

The IR is positioned at the ___ of the affected shoulder so it is aligned ___ to the CR for an inferosuperior axial shoulder projection.

Answer 9

top; perpendicular

Question 10

When evaluating the image of an AP Externally Rotated Shoulder, you determine that the medial clavicular end has been rolled away from the vertebral column.

The patient was not in a true AP, but was [x]

Answer 10

rotated toward the affected shoulder

Question 11

Chest radiographs should exhibit ___ radiographic/image contrast with ___ shades of gray

Answer 11

long scale; many

Question 12

Involuntary motion can be controlled by:

Answer 12

Using the shortest possible exposure time

Question 13

An AP shoulder image obtained in a patient whose upper midcoronal plane was tilted anteriorly demonstrates the superior scapular angle ___ to the midclavicle

Answer 13

superior

Question 14

An AP shoulder image demonstrates longitudinal foreshortening of the scapular body when the:

Answer 14

patient’s upper midcoronal plane is tilted

Question 15

An AP clavicular image obtained with the patient rotated away from the affected shoulder demonstrates the medial clavicular end ___ over the vertebral column

Answer 15

superimposed

Question 16

A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the clavicle demonstrates that the clavicle is within the midaspect of the lung apices. What should the technologist do to correct this error?

Answer 16

Increase the cephalic CR angle

Question 17

A posterior oblique (Grashey) shoulder image obtained with the patient rotated less than required to obtain accurate positioning demonstrates:

Answer 17

a closed glenohumeral joint

Question 18

Where is the CR centered for the bilateral AC joint projection on a single IR?

Answer 18

1 inch above the jugular notch

Question 19

For an AP without-weights AC joint image (uni-lateral):
1. the central ray is centered to the AC joint
2. the midcoronal plane is positioned parallel with the IR
3. a grid is used if the patient’s AP measurement is 6 inches (15 cm)
4. the patient’s shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR

Answer 19

1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 20

A 72-inch (180-cm) SID is used for radiographs of the:

Answer 20

AC joint

Question 21

Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the coronoid process?

Answer 21

AP oblique with medial rotation

Question 22

An AP oblique of the elbow with internal (medial) rotation shows the proximal radius and ulna parallel to each other. The patient positioning error could be corrected by:

Answer 22

Increasing internal rotation

Question 23

A radiograph of the PA scaphoid projection (PA with ulnar deviation) reveals extensive superimposition of the scaphoid and adjacent carpals. Which of the following factors can lead to this problem?

Answer 23

Insufficient ulnar deviation

Question 24

A lateral wrist image obtained with the elbow flexed 90 degrees and the humerus placed parallel with the IR demonstrates:
1. the ulnar styloid distal to the midline of the ulnar head
2. superimposition of the radius and ulna
3. superimposition/alignment of the distal scaphoid and pisiform
4. the ulnar styloid in profile

Answer 24

2, 3 and 4

Question 25

Why should a forearm never be taken as a PA projection?

Answer 25

It causes the radius to cross over the ulna

Question 26

For the scapular lateral projection, the patient is rotated:

Answer 26

45 to 60 degrees

Question 27

For the Inferosuperior axial projection of the shoulder, the CR is centered ___ to the axilla and humeral head

Answer 27

horizontally

Question 28

For the AP projection of the scapula, the arm is abducted ___ degrees and the hand is ___

Answer 28

90; supinated

Question 29

For the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder, the patient is rotated:

Answer 29

35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side

Question 30

For the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder, the CR is directed:

Answer 30

2 inches inferior and 2 inches medial to the superolateral border of the shoulder

Question 31

For the AP axial projection of the clavicle, the CR angle should be increased for patients who are classified as:

Answer 31

Asthenic