Chapter 4: Wrist, Forearm, Elbow

Question 1

Which special position of the wrist will open up the interspaces on the ulnar side of the wrist (adjacent interspaces more open on the medial (ulnar) side of the wrist)?

Answer 1

Radial Deviation

Question 2

Which projection of the elbow best visualizes radial head, neck of the radius and capitulum of humerus free of superimposition?

Answer 2

AP oblique with external rotation

Question 3

Which position of the elbow results in the least superimposition of the olecranon process - best demonstrates the olecranon process - olecranon process in profile?

Answer 3

Lateral

Question 4

Which of the following would be present on the image of a properly positioned lateral of the forearm?
1. Olecranon process in profile
2. Elbow in 45° flexion
3. Superimposition of distal radius and ulna (one-half of radial head should be superimposed by the coronoid process)

Answer 4

1 and 3

Question 5

Which of the following should be on the same plane for a lateral projection of the elbow?
1. hand
2. elbow
3. shoulder

Answer 5

1, 2 and 3

Question 6

Which of the following projections is used to prevent crossing of the forearm bones?

a. AP projection

b. PA projection

Answer 6

A

Question 7

Which of the following projections best corrects foreshortening of the scaphoid?

Answer 7

PA in ulnar deviation

Question 8

Which of the following is demonstrated free of superimposition on an AP oblique of the elbow in lateral rotation?
1. olecranon fossa
2. olecranon process
3. radial head and neck
4. trochlea

Answer 8

3

Question 8

What is the degree of elbow flexion for an AP oblique projection of the elbow with internal rotation?

Answer 8

0 degrees

Question 8

Which elbow position demonstrates complete superimposition of the epicondyles?

Answer 8

Lateral

Question 8

To place the carpal bones closer to the IR for a PA projection of the wrist:

Answer 8

flex the fingers into a loose fist

Question 8

The posterior fat pad lies in the:

Answer 8

Olecranon fossa

Question 9

The act of straightening a joint is termed:

Answer 9

Extension

Question 9

The degree of flexion for a lateral elbow is:

Answer 9

90 degrees

Question 10

The PA oblique of the wrist requires a wrist angulation of:

Answer 10

45 degrees

Question 11

The CR for the PA projection of the wrist is directed to the:

Answer 11

midcarpal area

Question 12

The AP projection of the forearm should include the:
1. Radius and ulna
2. Proximal row of carpals
3. Distal humerus

Answer 12

1, 2 and 3

Question 13

Soft tissue detail is important for the lateral elbow to demonstrate:

Answer 13

Fat pads

Question 14

Movement of the forearm closer to the arm through a decrease in the angle of the elbow joint, it is called:

Answer 14

Flexion

Question 15

For the lateral forearm, the elbow should be flexed ___ degrees

Answer 15

90

Question 16

For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles (and the interepicondylar line) are

Answer 16

Parallel to the IR

Question 17

For the AP projection of forearm, the hand is:

Answer 17

Supinated

Question 18

For both AP oblique elbow projections, the epicondyles (inter-epicondylar plane) and IR form an angle of:

Answer 18

45 degrees

Question 19

For an AP oblique elbow with medial rotation, the patient is positioned so that the:
1. Shoulder is level with the elbow
2. Elbow joint is 90° to the IR
3. Hand is supinated

Answer 19

1

Question 20

For an AP lateral oblique (externally rotated) elbow image with accurate positioning, the: 1. capitulum is in profile 2. radioulnar joint space is open 3. coronoid process is in profile 4. ulna is demonstrated without radial head superimposition

Answer 20

1, 2 and 4

Question 21

For PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation, the CR is directed to the:

Answer 21

Scaphoid

Question 22

An IR that is large enough to extend at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) beyond the elbow and wrist joints for a forearm image is: a. needed to record the elbow and wrist on the image b. needed so the beam can be tightly collimated c. not a required positioning procedure d. needed only when a joint problem is suspected

Answer 22

A

Question 23

An AP medial oblique (internally rotated) elbow image with accurate positioning BEST demonstrates which of the following structures 1. Capitulum 2. Radial head 3. Medial trochlea 4. Coronoid process

Answer 23

3 and 4

Question 24

An AP forearm image with accurate positioning demonstrates the: 1. radial styloid in profile laterally 2. radial head slightly superimposed over the ulna 3. ulnar styloid in profile laterally 4. humeral epicondyles in profile

Answer 24

1, 2 and 4

Question 25

An AP elbow image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles in profile 2. the radial tuberosity in profile medially 3. an open capitulum-radial joint (elbow joint) 4. the ulna free of radial head and radial tuberosity superimposition

Answer 25

1, 2 and 3

Question 26

T/F: A lateral projection of the elbow requires pronation of the hand

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Rotation of the arm for a lateromedial projection of the elbow will place the interepicondylar plane ____ to the IR

Answer 27

Perpendicular

Question 28

Which of the following would be present on the image of a properly positioned AP projection of the forearm? 1. Superimposition of entire proximal row of the carpals bones with the radius and ulna (maximum superimposition 2. Radial tuberosity in medial profile 3. Radial styloid in lateral profile

Answer 28

2 and 3

Question 29

A well-positioned AP projection of the elbow will demonstrate ___ superimposition of the ___ radius and ulna

Answer 29

Slight; proximal

Question 30

A lateral forearm image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. distal scaphoid and the pisiform are aligned 2. the ulnar styloid in profile 3. an open elbow joint space 4. the radial tuberosity in profile

Answer 30

1, 2 and 3

Question 31

A lateral elbow image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. an open elbow joint space 2. the radial head distal to the coronoid process 3. the radial tuberosity on end (not in profile) 4. the anterior fat pad

Answer 31

1, 3 and 4

Question 32

A PA wrist image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. an open radioulnar joint 2. the radial styloid in profile laterally 3. lunate is positioned proximal to radiulnar joint 4. complete superimposition of the third through fifth metacarpal bases

Answer 32

1 and 2

Question 33

A PA oblique wrist image with accurate positioning demonstrates: 1. the trapezoid and trapezium without superimposition 2. an open radioulnar joint space 3. the ulnar styloid in profile 4. midshafts of 4th and 5th MC demonstrate small separation

Answer 33

1, 3 and 4

Question 34

A PA wrist image obtained with the wrist in a neutral position demonstrates: 1. the scaphoid in partial foreshortening 2. the center of the lunate positioned distal to the radioulnar articulation 3. closed CM joints 4. alignment of the long axis of the third metacarpal and radius

Answer 34

1, 2 and 4