Chapter 2: Chest

Question 1

For a PA projection of the chest on a stretcher because the patient can not stand, exposure is made on:

Answer 1

the 2nd full inspiration

Question 2

For a lateral position of the chest, the IR is ____ to the midsagittal plane and ____ to the midcoronal plane

Answer 2

Parallel; perpendicular

Question 2

For a PA projection of the chest, the CR is directed to the level of:

Answer 2

T7

Question 2

For the lateral position of the chest, the CR is ____ to the IR @ T7

Answer 2

perpendicular

Question 2

T/F: Motion of the patient’s diaphragm can be stopped by providing proper breathing instructions.

Answer 2

True

Question 2

How many ribs must be visible above the diaphragm on a well-inspired PA chest projection?

Answer 2

10

Question 3

The IR is positioned ____ for a PA chest image of a hypersthenic patient.

Answer 3

landscape

Question 3

The standard SID for a PA chest is how many inches?

Answer 3

72 inches

Question 4

What is the proper method for displaying a radiograph of the chest taken with the use of a posteroanterior (PA) projection?

Answer 4

The image should be displayed in anatomic position

Question 5

Which one of the following positioning considerations is most important in demonstrating air/fluid levels in the thorax during chest radiography?

Answer 5

Patient is in the upright position

Question 6

Which two body habitus types account for 85% of the population?

Answer 6

Sthenic and hyposthenic

Question 7

Which body habitus is described as a massive build with a short, deep thorax?

Answer 7

Hypersthenic

Question 8

Which body habitus type is characterized by a long, shallow thorax and a frail build?

Answer 8

Asthenic

Question 9

Which positioning technique will help move the scapulae from the lung fields for a PA chest projection?

Answer 9

Place back of hands low on the hips and roll shoulders forward

Question 10

Which topographic landmark corresponds to the level of T-9 and 10?

Answer 10

Xiphoid process

Question 11

Why is it important to perform an erect left lateral rather than the erect right lateral position as part of the routine chest study?

Answer 11

Reduces magnification of the heart

Question 12

Why is it important to perform the PA projection rather than the AP for a routine chest study?

Answer 12

Reduces magnification of the heart

Question 13

The correct order for the structures of the respiratory pathway is:

Answer 13

Trachea, right and left primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 14

T/F: The esophagus is posterior to the trachea

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The internal prominence or ridge in which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the

Answer 15

Carina

Question 16

T/F:The left primary bronchus is shorter and wider than the right primary bronchus.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

The number of lobes in the right lung is:

Answer 17

3

Question 18

The space located between the two pleural cavities is termed the:

Answer 18

mediastinum

Question 19

Which structure prevents aspiration of food and fluid into the larynx?

Answer 19

Epiglottis

Question 20

A PA chest image with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. 10 or 11 posterior ribs above the diaphragm
2. equal posterior rib length on both sides of the chest
3. the manubrium superimposed by the fourth thoracic vertebra
4. the scapulae outside the lung field

Answer 20

1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 21

A left lateral chest image with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. no humeral soft tissue in the lung field
2. no more than a total of 1/2 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs and/or the anterior ribs
3. the right hemidiaphragm inferior to the left hemidiaphragm
4. the hemidiaphragms inferior to the eleventh thoracic vertebra

Answer 21

1, 2 and 4

Question 22

Characteristics of a properly positioned PA projection of the chest include:
1. Chin above the chest
2. Clavicles above the apices
3. Sternal ends of the clavicles equidistant from midline

Answer 22

1 and 3

Question 23

Characteristics of a PA projection of the chest include:
1.No motion
2.Clavicles above the apices
3.Sternal ends of the clavicles equidistant from midline

Answer 23

1 and 3

Question 24

For a PA chest image with accurate positioning, the:
1. SID is set at 72 inches (183 cm)
2. shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR
3. upper midcoronal plane is tilted slightly toward the IR
4. elbows and shoulders are rotated posteriorly

Answer 24

1 and 2

Question 25

How can a radiographer control voluntary motion?
(1) Provide clear instructions
(2) Provide support devices
(3) Apply immobilization

Answer 25

1, 2 and 3

Question 26

Topographic landmarks used to position for chest radiography include the:
1. Iliac crest
2. Jugular notch
3. Vertebra prominens

Answer 26

2 and 3

Question 27

Which anatomic structure is examined radiographically to detect signs of rotation on a PA chest projection?

Answer 27

Sternoclavicular joints

Question 28

Which anatomic structure(s) is(are) used to determine rotation on a lateral chest radiograph?

Answer 28

Posterior ribs

Question 29

On inhalation the lungs expand:
1. vertically
2. transversely
3. anteroposteriorly

Answer 29

1, 2 and 3

Question 30

Which one of the following positioning considerations is most important in removing the scapula from the field of view?

Answer 30

Shoulders rolled forward

Question 31

For a PA chest, place the midcoronal plane ___ to the IR

Answer 31

Parallel

Question 32

For a lateral chest, place the midcoronal plane ___ to the IR

Answer 32

Perpendicular

Question 33

For the AP supine chest, optimal technical factor selection ensures proper penetration of the:
A. Heart
B. Great vessels
C. Lung regions
D. Hilar region
E. All of the above

Answer 33

E

Question 34

Air-fluid levels on an AP chest image:
1. are formed when air and fluid separate
2. are precisely demonstrated when the patient is in a partially upright position
3. are precisely demonstrated when the central ray is horizontal

Answer 34

1 and 3

Question 35

A PA chest image obtained on expiration demonstrates:
1. a narrower and longer heart shadow
2. lungs are less dense
3. a broader and shorter heart shadow
4. fewer than 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm

Answer 35

3 and 4 only

Question 36

A PA chest image obtained with the patient rotated into an RAO position demonstrates the ___ posterior ribs have a greater length then the ___ posterior

Answer 36

left; right

Question 37

A PA chest image with poor positioning demonstrates vertical clavicles and the manubrium at the same level as the fifth thoracic vertebra. How was the patient mispositioned for such an image to be obtained?
a. The shoulders and elbows were not internally rotated.
b. The shoulders were elevated.
c. The patient’s upper midcoronal plane was tilted toward the IR.
d. The central ray was angled caudally.

Answer 37

C

Question 38

A patient enters the ED with a possible pneumothorax (free air) in the left lung. Because of trauma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition?

Answer 38

Right lateral decubitus

Question 39

A rotated lateral chest image demonstrates the heart shadow posterior to the sternum. Identify the anteriorly positioned lung.

Answer 39

Right

Question 40

Chest radiographs should exhibit ___ contrast with many shades of ___

Answer 40

low; grey