Chapter 2: Chest Flashcards
For a PA projection of the chest on a stretcher because the patient can not stand, exposure is made on:
the 2nd full inspiration
For a lateral position of the chest, the IR is ____ to the midsagittal plane and ____ to the midcoronal plane
Parallel; perpendicular
For a PA projection of the chest, the CR is directed to the level of:
T7
For the lateral position of the chest, the CR is ____ to the IR @ T7
perpendicular
T/F: Motion of the patient’s diaphragm can be stopped by providing proper breathing instructions.
True
How many ribs must be visible above the diaphragm on a well-inspired PA chest projection?
10
The IR is positioned ____ for a PA chest image of a hypersthenic patient.
landscape
The standard SID for a PA chest is how many inches?
72 inches
What is the proper method for displaying a radiograph of the chest taken with the use of a posteroanterior (PA) projection?
The image should be displayed in anatomic position
Which one of the following positioning considerations is most important in demonstrating air/fluid levels in the thorax during chest radiography?
Patient is in the upright position
Which two body habitus types account for 85% of the population?
Sthenic and hyposthenic
Which body habitus is described as a massive build with a short, deep thorax?
Hypersthenic
Which body habitus type is characterized by a long, shallow thorax and a frail build?
Asthenic
Which positioning technique will help move the scapulae from the lung fields for a PA chest projection?
Place back of hands low on the hips and roll shoulders forward
Which topographic landmark corresponds to the level of T-9 and 10?
Xiphoid process
Why is it important to perform an erect left lateral rather than the erect right lateral position as part of the routine chest study?
Reduces magnification of the heart
Why is it important to perform the PA projection rather than the AP for a routine chest study?
Reduces magnification of the heart
The correct order for the structures of the respiratory pathway is:
Trachea, right and left primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
T/F: The esophagus is posterior to the trachea
True
The internal prominence or ridge in which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the
Carina
T/F:The left primary bronchus is shorter and wider than the right primary bronchus.
False
The number of lobes in the right lung is:
3
The space located between the two pleural cavities is termed the:
mediastinum
Which structure prevents aspiration of food and fluid into the larynx?
Epiglottis
A PA chest image with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. 10 or 11 posterior ribs above the diaphragm
2. equal posterior rib length on both sides of the chest
3. the manubrium superimposed by the fourth thoracic vertebra
4. the scapulae outside the lung field
1, 2, 3 and 4
A left lateral chest image with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. no humeral soft tissue in the lung field
2. no more than a total of 1/2 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs and/or the anterior ribs
3. the right hemidiaphragm inferior to the left hemidiaphragm
4. the hemidiaphragms inferior to the eleventh thoracic vertebra
1, 2 and 4
Characteristics of a properly positioned PA projection of the chest include:
1. Chin above the chest
2. Clavicles above the apices
3. Sternal ends of the clavicles equidistant from midline
1 and 3
Characteristics of a PA projection of the chest include:
1.No motion
2.Clavicles above the apices
3.Sternal ends of the clavicles equidistant from midline
1 and 3
For a PA chest image with accurate positioning, the:
1. SID is set at 72 inches (183 cm)
2. shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR
3. upper midcoronal plane is tilted slightly toward the IR
4. elbows and shoulders are rotated posteriorly
1 and 2
How can a radiographer control voluntary motion?
(1) Provide clear instructions
(2) Provide support devices
(3) Apply immobilization
1, 2 and 3
Topographic landmarks used to position for chest radiography include the:
1. Iliac crest
2. Jugular notch
3. Vertebra prominens
2 and 3
Which anatomic structure is examined radiographically to detect signs of rotation on a PA chest projection?
Sternoclavicular joints
Which anatomic structure(s) is(are) used to determine rotation on a lateral chest radiograph?
Posterior ribs
On inhalation the lungs expand:
1. vertically
2. transversely
3. anteroposteriorly
1, 2 and 3
Which one of the following positioning considerations is most important in removing the scapula from the field of view?
Shoulders rolled forward
For a PA chest, place the midcoronal plane ___ to the IR
Parallel
For a lateral chest, place the midcoronal plane ___ to the IR
Perpendicular
For the AP supine chest, optimal technical factor selection ensures proper penetration of the:
A. Heart
B. Great vessels
C. Lung regions
D. Hilar region
E. All of the above
E
Air-fluid levels on an AP chest image:
1. are formed when air and fluid separate
2. are precisely demonstrated when the patient is in a partially upright position
3. are precisely demonstrated when the central ray is horizontal
1 and 3
A PA chest image obtained on expiration demonstrates:
1. a narrower and longer heart shadow
2. lungs are less dense
3. a broader and shorter heart shadow
4. fewer than 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm
3 and 4 only
A PA chest image obtained with the patient rotated into an RAO position demonstrates the ___ posterior ribs have a greater length then the ___ posterior
left; right
A PA chest image with poor positioning demonstrates vertical clavicles and the manubrium at the same level as the fifth thoracic vertebra. How was the patient mispositioned for such an image to be obtained?
a. The shoulders and elbows were not internally rotated.
b. The shoulders were elevated.
c. The patient’s upper midcoronal plane was tilted toward the IR.
d. The central ray was angled caudally.
C
A patient enters the ED with a possible pneumothorax (free air) in the left lung. Because of trauma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition?
Right lateral decubitus
A rotated lateral chest image demonstrates the heart shadow posterior to the sternum. Identify the anteriorly positioned lung.
Right
Chest radiographs should exhibit ___ contrast with many shades of ___
low; grey
