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child development > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Some children are “popular” but not well liked by peers. What kind of peer status do they have?

A

controversial

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2
Q

to encourage positive peer status for their children, parents should do which of the following?

A

explicitly talk about social skills

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3
Q

well executed cooperative learning tends to…

A

promote good peer relations as students work together

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4
Q

who is more likely to have sociometric popularity?

A

Emilia, who voluntarily helps other children in her class and is sensitive to others’ feelings

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5
Q

which of the following is cause for concern?

A

solitary active play in a busy classroom

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6
Q

early in adolescence, people with perceived popularity might engage in behaviors more typical of older teens, like dating and minor delinquency. These behaviors are known as

A

pseudo maturity

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7
Q

T or F: most high school students in the US belong to a clique as defined by psychology researchers

A

True

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8
Q

Research suggests that friends tend to be similar in many ways. this similarity is called

A

homophily

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9
Q

which of the following is true of gender segregation?

A

it is seen across cultures and seems to be driven by children, not adults

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10
Q

which of these high school students is more likely to succumb to negative peer pressure?

A

Ted, who thinks “everyone” drinks alcohol and sneaks into movies without paying

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11
Q

what is prosocial behavior?

A

voluntary behavior that benefits others

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12
Q

which of the following does prosocial behavior NOT predict?

A

neglected peer status

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13
Q

which of the following has increased over the past 50 or so years?

A

antisocial behavior

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14
Q

Maritiza is always ready to retaliate. When she drops her cell phone and a student walking by accidentally kicks it, she assumes he kicked it on purpose. She yells at him and hits him. Maritza is displaying which of the following?

A

hostile attribution bias

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15
Q

Theory of Mind is important for the social information processing model because students must do which of the following?

A

figure out other people’s intentions

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16
Q

people often claim that girls are more socially aggressive than boys. What does the text say about this claim?

A

it is probably just a stereotype; boys are socially aggressive as often as girls

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17
Q

which of the following is NOT one of the basic emotions

A

embarrassment

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18
Q

eight year old Selena hates receiving socks as a birthday gift. Selena’s grandmother gives her socks for her birthday. Selena smiles and says, “Thank you” Selena has engaged in

A

emotional dissemblance

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19
Q

which of the following is true of adolescent moodiness

A

most adolescents report being fairly happy most of the time

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20
Q

Nelson reports feeling negative emotions most of the time and has been withdrawing away from social interactions with family and with friends at school. Nelson is most likely experiencing…

A

an internalizing disorder

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21
Q

according to research, which is most consistently a risk factor for depression?

A

family problems, such as conflict and harsh discipline

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22
Q

research on the visual cliff tested which of the following as an influence on the development of fear of heights?

A

social referencing

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23
Q

which of the following techniques is most likely to help students who experience test anxiety?

A

avoid time limits during tests and quizzes

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24
Q

name a social emotion

A

envy
embarrassment
shame
guilt
pride

25
Q

sam is able to control his emotions so that he is calm even when another student insults him, puts on a happy face even in classes that are boring, and thanks the history teacher even though the teacher is incompetent. What is a term for Sam’s ability that fosters these behaviors?

A

emotion regulation

26
Q

what is functional play?

A

simple movement or repetitive practice like before, such as shaking a rattle

27
Q

what is physical play?

A

large movement for the joy of movement, such as climbing running or chasing

28
Q

what is pretense or dramatic play?

A

transforming objects and identities
imaginary friends are a type of pretense

29
Q

what is constructive play?

A

creating or building something with a goal in mind such as building with blocks or drawing with crayons

30
Q

what is game with rules?

A

play in which children must adapt their behavior to explicit prearranged rules such as hopscotch or checkers

31
Q

what is unoccopied and onlooker?

A

following others around or watching their play
perhaps even talking to them, but not joining the play

32
Q

what is solitary play?

A

playing alone when playmates are available, with no reference to what others are doing

33
Q

what is associative play?

A

borrowing toys or following eachother
but the children do whatever each wants to

34
Q

what is parallel play?

A

playing near others with similar toys but not seeking to interact
that is children play beside, rather than with others

35
Q

cooperative play

A

group is organized around a goal or a formal game and divisions of role
it is clear who belongs to the group and who does not

36
Q

what is solitary active play?

A

play involving functional or pretense play while alone
red flag

37
Q

what is solitary passive play?

A

play involving construction or exploring objects while alone
not terrible

38
Q
A
39
Q

what is social cognition?

A

how we reason about and process social information

40
Q

what is social behavior?

A

how we act towards others in social situations

41
Q

what is sociometric popularit?

A

the good kind of popular

42
Q

what is perceive popularity?

A

the “bad populars”

43
Q

which peer status is least likely to change?

A

rejected
unless behavior and/ or context changes

44
Q

which peer status is most likely to change?

A

controversial and neglected

45
Q

when is peer rejection a problem?

A

lasts more then a year

46
Q

what is rejected withdrawn?

A

they know they are disliked so they withdraw

47
Q

what is rejected aggressive

A

may be more risky or dangerous

48
Q

what are protective factors for peer relationships?

A
  • sports and other group activites
  • increase or improve social skills
  • it helps to have friends (even one close one)
49
Q

what is a clique

A

tightly knit group of 2-10 students that spend time together

50
Q

what is a crowd?

A

larger group of students who are connected more by reputation, stereotypes or similar attitudes and acitives

most loosely connected than cliques

51
Q

example of prosocial behavior

A

saying please and thank you

52
Q

what are the 3 conflict resolution strategies?

A

coercion
disengagement
compromise

53
Q

what is anti-social behavior?

A

behavior that disrupts social relationships and society

54
Q

social aggression

A

undermining someone elses relationship or social status

55
Q

reactive aggression

A

provokes and retaliation

56
Q

proactive aggression

A

used to help person achieve personal goals

57
Q

instrumental aggression

A

the use of threat or force to obtain something

58
Q

what is hostile attribution bias

A

where children assume hostile intent on the part of others when it is not clear if there is hostile intent or not

59
Q

what is emotion

A

a subjective reaction to an important event

child development (4 decks)

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