exam 2 Flashcards
what is prosocial behavior?
voluntary behavior that benefits others
According to Kohlberg’s model, levels of moral development depend upon
the reasons people give for why they would or would not steal the drug
5 year old Sonny has begun to understand what other people might be thinking… Sonny is developing
Theory of mind
theory of mind is important in schools because it influences students’ ability to
understand and relate to their teachers and fellow students
adolescents tend to overestimate how much attention others are paying to them, which can make them feel self conscious or nervous. This error of theory of mind is called
the spotlight effect
Which is an example of inductive discipline
don’t eat your dessert first because you won’t be hungry for the food that is more nutritious
authoritarian parents …
favor punitive measures to control children’s behavior
parenting styles are categorized based on what two dimensions?
responsiveness and control
which type of compliance should be the long term goal of discipline
committed compliance
the ability to inhibit impulses, obey rules, ignore distractions, be patient, and stay focused on a task is called
self control
what is short term goal of discipline?
to influence children to behave appropriately right now
what is the long term goal of discipline?
to promote self control
which of the following statements about dependency and attachment is true?
secure attachment liberates children and is not dependency
A one year old child largely ignores the fact that his mother has left him with a stranger and does not seem to care when mother returns. what form of attachment is this?
insecure avoidant
effective teachers should attempt what for their insecurely attached students?
disconfirm their negative internal working models
temperament traits discussed in the text include which of the following?
negative emotionality and behavioral inhibition
what is NOT a characteristic that parents who have securely attached children tend to exhibit
they tend to maintain strict rules and use harsh discipline
the branch of biology that seeks to describe the function of behavior from an evolutionary perspective is …
ethology
7 year ols is very active, curious and questioning. some parent would be annoyed, but his parents like those traits. walt’s situation shows a high degree of what?
goodness of fit
the textbook describes a cohort effect in personality as an example of the influence of the chronosystem in Brofenbrenner’s model. there was a huge …. in the personality trait of…. for children from 1950s to 1980s in the US
increase; anxiety
children with which personality trait tend to have the lowest academic achievement?
undercontrolled
the textbook suggests that school bonding is especially important for lower SES students, students going through transitions to new school buildings, and generally students in which academic level?
middle school
which of the following about the current level of unwed teen pregnancies in the U.S. is true?
lower than in the past few decades
children of same sex parents tend to show high rates of identification s gay or lesbian
false
elevated level of cortisol is an indicator of what
high stress
although the effect size of most outcomes following divorce is relatively small, divorce tends to have a large effect size on which outcome?
externalizing disorders, especially for boys
a researcher claims that it’s good for paretns to work because it adds income to support their child, but bad if it takes too much time and prevents the parents from spending time with their child. this researcher is most likely using which theoretical model to support their position?
family investment model
according to the text, which of the following is the least effective way to encourage parent involvement with school?
have parents sign contracts in which they commit to be involved
