exam 3 Flashcards
What is energy
The capacity to do work
What is work
the result of a force acting through a distance
what is heat
flow of energy caused by temperature difference
What is internal energy
sum of kinetic and potential energies
How does Energy Flow work?
If reactants have a higher energy than the products, the ≠∆E is negative and energy flows out of the system into the surroundings
If reactants have lower internal energy than the products, ≠∆E is positive and energy flows into the system from the surroundsings
What does the first law of thermodynamics state about the change in the internal energy of the system
∆E= q+w, the change in energy id the sum of the heat transferred and work done
What is heat capacity
The quantity of heat required to change the systems temperature by 1 C
What is the specific heat capacity
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree C
this can be used to quantify the relationship between the amount of heat added to a given mass of the substance and the corresponding temperature change
What is the equation for heat
q=mass x Cs x ∆T
What does qsys=-qsurr mean
The heat gained by the system is proportionally lost by the surroundings
What is an exothermic reaction?
When heat is given off to the surroundings, making the ∆E/∆H negative
What is an endothermic reaction?
It absorbs heat from the surroundings, making the ∆E/∆H positive
is this endothermic or exothermic
sweat evaporating from skin
Sweat evaporating from the skin cools the skin, therefore it is endothermic with positive ∆H. The skin musr supply heat for evaporation to persist (the skin is the surroundings, and the sweat evaporating is the system)
is this endothermic or exothermic
water freezing in a freezer
Water freezing in a freezer releases heat and is exothermic, with a negative ∆H. The refrigeration system in the freezer must remove heat
What is the Principal Quantum Number (n)
It determines the overall size and energy of the oribital, its possible values are n= 1,2,3…
What is the angular quantum number (l)
this number determines the shape of the interval, the possible values are (0,1,2…(n-1))
What are the letter values of l
l=0 = s
l=1=p
l=2=d
l=3=f
What is frequencies relationship to speed of light? wavelengths?
It is directly proportional to speed of light and inversely proportional to the wavelength
What is interference and what are the two forms of it?
Constructive interference is when two waves of equal amplitude are in phase when they interact and results in a wave with twice the amplitude
Destructive interference is when two waves are out of phase and are not aligned, this results in a cancelled wave
What is enthalpy?
the heat involved in a chemical reaction at constant pressure
What are the four types of energy?
Kinetic, Potential. thermal, chemical energy
What are the unit conversions of energy?
1 calorie = 4.184 J,
1 Calorie/kilocalorie= 1000 cal=4184 J
1 kilowatt-hour=3.60 x 10^6 J
1 W= 1 J/s
What is a state function?
It is a function whose value only depends on the state of the system, not how the system arrived at that state
Based on established state of system (temperature, pressure, amount, and identity of system).
What are the equations to describe heat
q=mCs∆T (for individual substances)
q=Ccal∆T (for calorimeters)
q= nx∆H (for phase changes and mixing solutions