Ch. 9-11 Flashcards
What are the three basic types of bonds and how do their electrons interact?
Ionic bonds: (typically occur between metals and non metals)
Their electrons transfer
Covalent bonds: (typically between nonmetals and nonmetals)
Their electrons are shared
Metallic Bonds: (typically between metals and metals)
Their electrons are pooled
Why do chemical bonds form?
to lower the potential energy between the charges particles in atoms
What are the trends in Lattice Energy?
Lattice energy becomes smaller down a column since the size of the radius increases
Lattice Energy increases with ionic charge
What is Lattice Energy?
The energy is associated with the formation of a crystalline lattice of alternating cations and anions in the gaseous state. It makes up the difference between ionization energy, electron affinity, and the enthalpy of formation
The higher the # of bonds, the _______ and ________ the bonds are
stronger and shorter
What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom to attract electrons to itseldf
What are the trends in electronegativity?
Fluorine is the most electronegative element
Electronegativity generally increases across a row (stronger Zeffective)
Electronegativity decreases down a column (larger size)
What are the characteristics of a small ∆electronegativity
(0-0.4) difference, nonpolar polarity, covalent bond, electrons are equally shared
What are the characteristics of an intermediate ∆electronegativity
(0.4-2.0) difference, semi polar, polar covalent, electrons unequally shared
What are the characteristics of a large ∆electronegativity
(2.0+) difference, polar, ionic bond, electrons transferred
What is bond polarity
measured by a dipole moment and occurs anytime there is a separation of (+) and (-)
What are the exceptions to the octet rule?
Odd electron compounds where one electron forms a free radical, incomplete octets, expanded octets
What bonds are polar?
C–F, C–Cl, C–Br, C–O, C–N,O–H,N–H,F–H, Cl–H,Br–H
What is true about the bipoles of 3 polar bonds in a trigonal pyramidal geometry?
They do not cancel
What is true about the molecular geometry of linear?, trigonal planar, and tetrahedral compounds w/ identical polar bonds?
They are non polar
