Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cell biology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf

A

stomata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____ CO2 needs water to make carbohydrates and make oxygen as a by-product

A

plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

green pigment molecule within

A

chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

found in plant and green algae
Mg2+ is an important component in chlorophyll

A

chlorophyll a and b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

reactant

A

light
Co2
2H2A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Product

A

carbohydrate (CH2O) and oxygen (H2O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chlorophyll

A

energy capturing molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Photosystem I and II

A

wavelength at which they receive photons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Photosystem 2

A

680 (appeared first)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Photosystem 1

A

700 (appeared second)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

converting of solar energy (photon) to chemical energy

A

photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Steps of photosynthesis

A

photosystem II—plastoquinol(Q8H2)—cytochrome b6/complex—photosystem I—Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Calvin cycle

A

Rubisco enzyme(found in plant and helps in Calvin cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rubisco enzyme

A

the most abundant protein on the planet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The product of C3 plants is

A

3-phosphoglycerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the product of C4 plants is

A

oxaloacetate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

microtubule

A

alpha and beta tubulin, nucleotide is GTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

form helix structure(spyro around) and have positive and negative ends

A

microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function as cytoplasmic microtubules and axon microtubules

A

microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

G actin monomers, plus and negative ends but will need ATP hydrolysis in order to form larger polymers

A

microfilament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function as muscle contraction, cell locomotion, maintain cell shape and intercellular transport

A

microfilament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

8 G protein joined end to end that staged overlaps, 6 classes of protein.

A

intermediate filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

intermediate filament

A

for structure support and helps maintain cell shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

function as cell movement, cell division, and organelle movement within the cell

A

cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

3 main type of bacterial cytoskeleton are

A

Mre B, Ftsz and Crescentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

crescentin

A

regulate cell shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ftsz

A

regulate cell division

28
Q

segregation and cell shape

A

Mre B

29
Q

ATP hydrolysis occurs in the _____ for kinesin and dynein

A

globular region

30
Q

whenever ATP binds it ______ from actin filament

A

detaches

31
Q

addition of subunit at the positive end and removal at the negative end (chromosome removal). Important in getting movement within the cell shape.

A

microtubule treadmilling

32
Q

It binds tightly to microtubules and stabilizers them, causing a depletion of free tubulin subunits. It causes dividing cells to arrest during mitosis.

A

Paclitaxel/Taxol (breast cancer treatment)

33
Q

where microtubules originate, function as centrosomes, and anchors and allow to grow outward.

A

Microtubule-organizing center (MTOC)

34
Q

control microtubule depolymerization during mitosis

A

Catastrophins

35
Q

prevent microfilament assembly and disassembly at +ends

A

CapZ

36
Q

movement of the cell/organisms through its environment, movement of the environment past the cell, and movement of components within the cell.

A

cell motility

37
Q

movement of the cell/organisms through its environment, movement of the environment past the cell, and movement of components within the cell.

A

cell motility

38
Q

major component of cell motility

A

Kinesin/dynein (Axonal transport) require ATP

39
Q

anterograde axonal transport (towards the +end) move away from centrosomes

A

Kinesin

40
Q

retrograde axonal transport (towards -end) move towards centrosomes

A

Dynein

41
Q

Dynein is essential for both

A

cilia and flagella

42
Q

have propeller like motion

A

flagella

43
Q

have back and forth beating motion

A

cilia

44
Q

microtubules have a 9+2 pattern= 9 outer doublets surrounding a central pair

A

flagella and cilia

45
Q

have 9+0 structure and lacks central pair

A

sensor/primary cilia

46
Q

Nexin

A

links adjacent outer soublets

47
Q

key component in muscle contraction are

A

myosin and actin

48
Q
  1. Cross-bridge formation
  2. release phosphate -3 (active site exposure)
  3. Power stroke (myosin undergo conformation)
  4. ADP released
  5. ATP binds myosin (creating detachment)
  6. Myosin reactivation
A

Myosin and Actin cyclic cycle steps

49
Q

Importance of calcium

A
  1. relax muscle contraction
  2. contracting muscle
  3. Calcium ATPase pump
50
Q

high concentration of calcium in sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

relaxed muscle

51
Q

highest concentration in the sarcoplasmic

A

contracting muscles

52
Q

ATPase pumps

A

pump calcium back into SR

53
Q

adhesive junction

A

cell to cell division

54
Q

adherens and desomosome are

A

adhesive junction

55
Q

adherens and desmosomes are

A

adhesive junction

56
Q

connect two cells together, connects cell to basement membrane

A

desomosomes

57
Q

sealing space between cells

A

tight junctions

58
Q

exchange of ions and small molecules between cells

A

Gap junction

59
Q

An epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cadherins is commonly seen in cell metastatic cancer

A

Cadherins

60
Q

___ are key for leukocyte adhesion

A

selectins

61
Q

Nimal extracellular matrix (ECM) components

A

Collagen (most abundant in animal )
proteoglycans
fibronectins
elastins
laminins

62
Q

fibroblast

A

produce collagen

63
Q

molecules cross-link to each other by forming covalent bonds between lysines

A

Elastins

64
Q

the backbone of cartilage proteoglycan and free molecules in the EMC

A

Hyaluronate

64
Q

Hyaluronate

A

lubricate joint and facilitates cell migration

65
Q

ATP high energy bond is

A

phosphoanhydride bond

66
Q

In the ETC all the complexes except for ____ pumps protons out of the matrix to generate a proton gradient.

A

complex II

cell biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions