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cell biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ATP is going to reproduce in

A

Phase 2 and 3

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2
Q

Step 1 and 2

A

generate ATP

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3
Q

Phase 2 and 3

A

produce ATP

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4
Q

Phase 1

A

consume ATP

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5
Q

Glycolysis is broken into

A

3 phase

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6
Q

Step 1-5

A

Phase 1

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7
Q

Step 6 and 7

A

Phase 2

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8
Q

Step 8-10

A

Phase 3

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9
Q

1 and 3

A

consume ATP

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10
Q

7 and 10

A

Produce ATP

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11
Q

Phase 1 (Gly 1 and Gly 5)

A

preparatory and cleavage step

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12
Q

Phase 2 (Gly 6 and Gly 7)

A

oxidative sequence, which is the first ATP generating event.

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13
Q

ATP is not generated in fermentation
T/F

A

True

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14
Q

Two different type of fermentation is

A

alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation (end goal of all this is to regenerate NAD+

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15
Q

Positron

A

radioactive isotope glucan of glucose

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16
Q

essentially utilizing positron cancer cell in other to detect and indicate them in the body

A

positron emission therapy

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17
Q

Positron Emission therapy

A

used to image out to determine location of the body tumor.

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18
Q

Excessive glucose consumption by cancer cells can be diagnosed by a procedure called

A

Positron emission therapy (PET)

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19
Q

Patient are given fluoride oxyglucose to radioactive glucose analogue to be able

A

to image cancer cells from fluorescent.

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20
Q

hydrolysis and ATP releases about

A

-7.3 Kcal (exogenic and favorable)

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21
Q

The phosphate group are linked together by _ bonds and to ribose by a _ bond

A

Phosphoanhydride, phosphoester

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22
Q

The phosphate group are linked together by _ bonds and to ribose by a _ bond

A

Phosphoanhydride, phosphoester (energy coms from)

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23
Q

the phosphor and the hydrated bond between the phosphate get

A

cleavage and have a lot of energy

24
Q

catabolic

A

breaking down molecules

25
Q

catabolic

A

breaking down molecules

26
Q

anabolic

A

building molecules (it requires energy input to build).

27
Q

For gamma unit to rotate t has to go through

A

each different stage ( 3 stages are need and 3 protein to rotate)

28
Q

The 3 conformation are

A

Lose, tight, open (in gamma subunit)

29
Q

Lose

A

bins ADP and Pi, losely

30
Q

tight

A

Catalyze formation of ATP and Binds ADP and PI tightly

31
Q

tight

A

Catalyze formation of ATP and Binds ADP and Pi tightly

32
Q

Open

A

lower affinity to either substrate or product.

33
Q

require 3 protons in order to generate ATP

A

complex 1

34
Q

produce proton gradient, push 10 protons (hydrogen ions) across a membrane which will be utilized by ATP

A

comple1,3,4

35
Q

need 3 protons to rotate the ATPase through it 3 conformation forms. Establish proon gradient

A

complex 1,3,4

36
Q

do not contribute to the generation of a proton. it helps pas an electron gradient

A

complex 2

37
Q

allosterically inhibited by ATP, NADH, and Acetyl CoA and high (ATP)/(ADP) ratio (enzyme: PHD Kinase)

A

PHD

38
Q

_ is activated by AMP, NAD, and free CoA and a low (ATP)/(ADP) ratio (enzyme: PDH phosphatases’

A

PDH

39
Q

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) is reversibly inactivated by _ and activated by _

A

phosphorylation, dephosporlylation

40
Q

PDH is inhibited by _ which is abundant where energy is plentiful

A

ATP

41
Q

PDH and isocitrate dehydrogenase are activated by _ and _ which are more abundant when energy is needed

A

AMP, ADP

42
Q

Bacteria in plant generate - (citric cycle step 5)

A

ATP

43
Q

Bacteria in animals generate_ (step 5 generate energy molecule in animals is _)

A

GTP

44
Q

The Mitochondria matrix is analogous to the

A

cytoplasm bacteria

45
Q

has the potential of generating up to 38 ATP molecules per glucose (e.g eukaryotic cell)

A

aerobic respiration

46
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

flow of electron through electron chain

47
Q

The _ is a trimeric transmembrane protein with one alpha, beta and y subunit

A

pump

48
Q

The_ subunit contains binding sites for sodium and ATP on the cytoplasmic side and potassium and ATP on the external side

A

Alpha

49
Q

The function of the other two are

A

are yet understood

50
Q

movement going done the concentration gradient and negative

A

exergonic (-delta G)

51
Q

movement going up the concentration gradient

A

endogenic (+ delta G)

52
Q

move solute against the concentration gradient.

A

transport protein

53
Q

Different type of membrane transport

A

simple transport facilitated diffusion, primary active transport.

54
Q

the unassisted net movement of a solute from high to lower concentration

A

facilitated diffusion

55
Q

usually gases, nonpolar or small polar molecules such as water, glycerol, or ethanol

A

facilitaed diffusion

56
Q

the movement of water from low concentration to high concentration with water is

A

osmosis (diffusion move towards equilibrium)

57
Q

movement of water from low concentration to high concentration without movement of water

A

osmosis(diffusion towars equilibrium)

cell biology (6 decks)

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