Cell Biology

Question 1

the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate y a cell ia an example of what type of reaction

Answer 1

catabolic reaction

Question 2

an anabolic reaction usually

Answer 2

requires energy change

Question 3

the negativity charge of ATP influences one another by

Answer 3

change repulsion

Question 4

the ATP “high-energy” bonds are which of the following types of bonds?

Answer 4

phosphoanhydride

Question 5

NAD+

Answer 5

is coenzyme acceptor of electrons and a hydrogen ion

Question 6

the gross output of ATP from glycolysis is _____ whereas the net output of ATP is _____

Answer 6

4;2

Question 7

list the steps in glycolysis in which ATP is required and the steps where ATP is generated

Answer 7

step 1 and 3 (consume ATP)
7 and 10 (Will produce ATP)

Question 8

Fermentation directly

Answer 8

regenerates NAD+ from NADH

Question 9

Each of the following is a substrate of Glycolysis Except

Answer 9

all are substrate for glycolysis

Question 10

in prokaryotes that carry out aerobic respiration, the _____ serves the same purpose as the inner mitochondrial membrane and the ____ serves the same purposed as the mitochondrialmatrix

Answer 10

plasma membrane; cytoplasm

Question 11

Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA through the action of

Answer 11

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Question 12

each of the following is a product of the citric acid cycle except

Answer 12

acetyl CoA

Question 13

ß-oxidation

Answer 13

is a process used to oxidize fatty acid

Question 14

The____ step in the citric acid cycle generates GTP or ATP in eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

5th

Question 15

Proton translocation for ATP synthesis occurs in the mitochondria

Answer 15

inner membrane

Question 16

ATP synthesis occurs in the mitochondria

Answer 16

matrix

Question 17

what 4 of the 8 steps in the citric cycle are oxidations?

Answer 17

CAC-3; CAC-4; CAC-6; CAC-8

Question 18

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is _____ by ATP, NADH; acetyl CoA, and a high ATP/ADP ratio

Answer 18

inhibit

Question 19

Each of the following molecules is an electron carrier in the electron transport system except

Answer 19

all the above are electron carrier

Question 20

when electrons flow through the electron transport chain from NADH to oxygen, what is the sequence of molecules through which they move?

Answer 20

complex 1, coenzyme Q, complex III, cytochrome c, complex IV; O2

Question 21

aerobic respiration generates up to ______ ATP molecules per glucose molecule

Answer 21

38

Question 22

each of the following complexes pumps protons out of the matrix to generate the proton gradient except

Answer 22

complex II

Question 23

how many protons are pumped across from the mitochondria matrix to the intermembrane space through the electron transport chain?

Answer 23

10

Question 24

how many protons are required for the generation of ATP from ADP and Pi?

Answer 24

3

Question 25

briefly describe the 3 conformations of the gamma subunit in ATP synthesis

Answer 25

L (lose) binds ADP and Pi
T (tight) catalyzes ATP formation
O (open) release of ATP

Question 26

list two reasons why ATP yield in eukaryotic cells is between 36-38 instead of a set

Answer 26

• different electron shuttles
• proton gradient utilized by other cellular process in the cell