Cell Biology Flashcards
the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate y a cell ia an example of what type of reaction
catabolic reaction
an anabolic reaction usually
requires energy change
the negativity charge of ATP influences one another by
change repulsion
the ATP “high-energy” bonds are which of the following types of bonds?
phosphoanhydride
NAD+
is coenzyme acceptor of electrons and a hydrogen ion
the gross output of ATP from glycolysis is _____ whereas the net output of ATP is _____
4;2
list the steps in glycolysis in which ATP is required and the steps where ATP is generated
step 1 and 3 (consume ATP)
7 and 10 (Will produce ATP)
Fermentation directly
regenerates NAD+ from NADH
Each of the following is a substrate of Glycolysis Except
all are substrate for glycolysis
in prokaryotes that carry out aerobic respiration, the _____ serves the same purpose as the inner mitochondrial membrane and the ____ serves the same purposed as the mitochondrialmatrix
plasma membrane; cytoplasm
Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA through the action of
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
each of the following is a product of the citric acid cycle except
acetyl CoA
ß-oxidation
is a process used to oxidize fatty acid
The____ step in the citric acid cycle generates GTP or ATP in eukaryotic cells
5th
Proton translocation for ATP synthesis occurs in the mitochondria
inner membrane
ATP synthesis occurs in the mitochondria
matrix
what 4 of the 8 steps in the citric cycle are oxidations?
CAC-3; CAC-4; CAC-6; CAC-8
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is _____ by ATP, NADH; acetyl CoA, and a high ATP/ADP ratio
inhibit
Each of the following molecules is an electron carrier in the electron transport system except
all the above are electron carrier
when electrons flow through the electron transport chain from NADH to oxygen, what is the sequence of molecules through which they move?
complex 1, coenzyme Q, complex III, cytochrome c, complex IV; O2
aerobic respiration generates up to ______ ATP molecules per glucose molecule
38
each of the following complexes pumps protons out of the matrix to generate the proton gradient except
complex II
how many protons are pumped across from the mitochondria matrix to the intermembrane space through the electron transport chain?
10
how many protons are required for the generation of ATP from ADP and Pi?
3
