Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the 4 horseman
Mass mobilization warfare
Transformative revolution
State failure/state collapse
Pandemics
What happens in state failure
Wealthy people are no longer wealthy
Gini coefficient 1
perfect inequality
Gini coefficient 0
perfect equality
Charts the distribution of income
Lorenz curve
The closer the curve is to the line of equality, the lower the gini coefficient is
lorenz curve
Tools used by scheidel to help explain his broad theme of income inequality
Gini coefficient
Lorenz curve
Based on the share of total resources held by particular segments of the population
Relative Inequality
focused on the difference in the amount of resources between these segments
Absolute Inequality
Does scheidel think there is an easy solution to any type of economic inequality
no
What empire brought millions of conquered people back to nenevah
Neo-Assyrian Empire
What empire had canal system increased agricultural production
Neo-Assyrian Empire
What empire had war with the neighboring city of Umma
Lagash
What was the empire where leaders took land from temples and foreclosed on farmers
Lagash
What empire replaced nobles with slaves to keep them from becoming too powerful
Ottoman
What empire guaranteed rights to private property in 1839
Ottoman
evolution of equality (trees)
The biggest and strongest were always at the top
Not very equal
Evolution of Equality (coming down)
new developments, such as weapons, tools, and speech, made brute strength less dominating
more equal
Was the evolution of equality (trees) equal or not
not very equal
Was the coming down from the trees equal or not
More equal
Evolution of equality (early communities)
The earliest communities were egalitarian communities with hierarchies where people didn’t have any material posessions
Was the evolution of equality (early communities) equal?
pretty equal
Evolution of equality (horticulture)
Hand-planting crops meant that women were just as effective as men
Was the evolution of equality (horticulture) equal?
very equal
Land grants that divided up conquered territory between conquistadores
Encomiendas
Estates under the control of despotic landlords
haciendas
scavengers, took resources from one another, little or no inequality
Hazda
Early example of hereditary inequality, man and children buried with elaborative and prestigious items
Sungir
Favorable environment, 1/2 buried with possessions, 8 buried with impressive decorative shells
natufian
Pastoralist warrior society with high inequality
Comanche
Local leaders take control of temple assets, taking advantage of financial tools to take advantage of the fortuneless
Lagash
Record of different sized fish bones in differing caste layers
Keatley Creek
Neolithic Anatolian site of large population with little inequality
Catal Huyuk
Gini coefficient for horticulturalists and hunter-gathers
.25-.27
Gini coefficient for herders
.42
gini coefficient for agriculturalists
.48
Material wealth difference for foragers
.36
Material wealth difference for all others
.51-.57
Military, administrative, clerical, and at times commercial ruling classes, and then producers
Agrarian society
specific harvest time and ability for long-term storage made it easier for elites to control surplus, state development related to agricultural developments
Importance of cereals
A Hurrian myth translated to Hittite that describes a king pleading with a council of nobles for the freeing of indebted slaves, a god present at the meeting, nobles overpower kings will and keep enslaved.
Song of release
first “true” empire, kings became “gods”, local rulers replaced by governors
Akkadian Kingdom
forcible resettlement of conquered into the heartland, slaves used for large state projects, such as canals.
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Dealt with human interaction and property
Hammurabi Laws
poor farmers had to take out high interest loans which when they were unable to pay back resulted in the confiscation of their land.
Emperor Wendi
Established expansive military mobilization programs and state monopolies on salt and iron. Under him, taxes were raised on commercial property and many large fortunes were wiped out.
Emperor Wudi
Attributed with ending the slave trade and attempted to nationalize the distribution of land. Wanted to bring down the established elite.
Wand Mang
ad more landlords converting freeholders into landless tenants, more solidified ruling class, and stable elite.
Eastern Han
Emperor more controlling of elites
Western Han
Showed less households during a time of expansion.
Tax registers
Freeholders became tenants, peasant households didn’t show up on landowner’s tax registers allowing the elites to lie and pay less taxes
Tax registers
Euphiletos
guy who killed man that cheated on wife
eratosthenes
man who got killed by euphiletos
