Exam 1 Flashcards
Stone tools (hand axes)
3.3 mya
Homo sapiens
250,000 BP
Expansion out of Africa
100,000 BP
Upper Paleolithic
50-12,000 BP
Complex tools (Clovis Points)
Upper Paleolithic
Languages
Upper Paleolithic
Cave Paintings such as Lascaux
Upper Paleolithic
Indus river
Harappa
Urban planning (grid style streets, uniform house size, plumbing)
Harappa
tortoise shells
China
bronze vessels
China
Yellow (development of rice cultivation) and Yangtze rivers
China
Agriculturally rich lands because of the Nile
Egypt
Focus on funerary monuments
Egypt
Ancient Iraq
Mesopotamia
Location of Uruk
Mesopotamia
Individual cities had a sense of independence
Mesopotamia
tool upgrade that led to the megafaunal extinction
Clovis points
allowed humans to live and hunt in colder areas
Clothing
first example of non utilitarian markings
Blombos Cave
helped grow crops in areas with bad soil, but led to hyper-infestation
Slash and burn agriculture
from Uruk temple complex, shows societal hierarchy
Warka vase
Crops were a more efficient food source
Agriculture Effects
New farming techniques brought hyper-infestation and reduced biodiversity
Agriculture Effects
People began using animals for labor (secondary products revolution)
Agriculture Effects
What led modern historians to not consider disease as a major player in world history
Modern disease-experienced populations
What aided the creation of the Indian caste system, jati
The mixing of groups with different diseases (civilized diseases vs. tropical diseases)
What affected religious practices, such as dietary laws
Diseases
How long has malaria been affecting people
A loooong time
What did increased concentration of populace and living with animals lead to
Higher levels of disease
Increased by tropical regions and increased density of populace and proximity of living with animals, decreased with more temperate and colder regions and living at a distance from animals.
Disease gradient
a mutual adaptation that allows the parasite and host to both survive.
Disease partnership
civilizations break down smaller settlements around them through disease and warfare
Epidemiological Digestion
The story of man and disease can be compared to that of man and society, a complex relationship where one suffers while the other benefits or vice versa, and allows for a narrative explanation
Macroparasitism vs. Macroparasitism:
passed by rodents, currently named Yersinia Pestis after a Russian
Pasteurella Pestis
only possible with large enough populace, such as in Sumeria
Measles
sleeping sickness, carried by tse-tse fly
Trypanosomes
carried by water flukes, evident in irrigation societies
Schistosomiasis
Pops red blood cells, neutralized by sickle cell, passed by mosquito
Malaria
disease used on rabbits in Australia, example of how disease partnership develops
Myxomatosis
childhood disease, passed between generations
Chicken Pox
typically egalitarian (Gobekli Tepe, Jericho)
Agricultural villages
either horticulture or plow based with a designated hierarchy (Cahokia, Eridu)
Chiefdoms
centralized populaces where specialization occurs and bureaucracy is born (Uruk)
Cities
longer lasting than a single ruler, right to use violence (Egypt)
States
prayed to the gods to remove the disease, either by penitence or passing it on to another.
Mursili II
general plot points, relationship with life and death in the human experience
Epic of Gilgamesh
