exam 3

Question 1

what are the 3 parts of ECF

Answer 1

interstitial; intravascular; transcellular

Question 2

what is edema caused by?

Answer 2

shifts of plasma to interstitial fluid; elevation of venous hydrostatic pressure; decrease in plasma oncotic pressure; elevation of interstitial oncotic pressure

Question 3

what is edema caused by?

Answer 3

shifts of plasma to interstitial fluid; elevation of venous hydrostatic pressure; decrease in plasma oncotic pressure; elevation of interstitial oncotic pressure

Question 4

hypovolemia

Answer 4

abnormal loss of body fluids, inadequate fluid intake, or plasma to interstitial fluid shift r/t hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, burns, pancreatitis, diuretics

Question 5

clinical manifestations of hypovolemia

Answer 5

restlessness, lethargy, confusion; thirst, dry mucous membranes; cold, clammy skin; decreased skin turgor and capillary refill; postural hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea; decreased urine output or concentrated; weak, dizziness; weight loss; seizure

Question 6

interprofessional care of hypovolemia

Answer 6

correct the underlying cause (could be r/t medications); check daily weight; strict I&O; check lab tests

Question 7

hypervolemia

Answer 7

excess intake of fluids, abnormal retention of fluids, or interstitial to plasma fluid shift r/t heart failure, renal failure, excessive IVF

Question 8

clinical manifestations of hypervolemia

Answer 8

weight gain; distended neck veins, JVD; edema; crackles; liver enlargement; headache; confusion. lethargy; murmur; hypertension; polyuria; dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary edema; seizures, coma

Question 9

interprofessional care of hypervolemia

Answer 9

use diuretics, fluid restriction, and restriction of sodium intake to remove fluid

Question 10

what are the priority problems for ECF volume deficit?

Answer 10

fluid imbalance; impaired co; acute confusion

Question 11

what is a potential complication of ECF volume deficit?

Answer 11

hypovolemic shock

Question 12

what are priority problems for ECF volume excess?

Answer 12

fluid imbalance; impaired gas exchange; impaired skin integrity; activity intolerance; disturbed body image

Question 13

what are some potential complications with ECF volume excess?

Answer 13

pulmonary edema, ascites

Question 14

nursing implementations for fluid volume

Answer 14

cardio and respiratory care; fluid therapy; assess ability to obtain adequate fluids independently, express thirst and swallow effectively

Question 15

what does sodium play a major rule in?

Answer 15

ECF volume and concentration; nerve impulses; muscle contractility; regulating acid-base imbalance

Question 16

hypernatremia

Answer 16

hyperosmolality leading to cellular dehydration

Question 17

what causes hypernatremia?

Answer 17

excess sodium; inadequate water intake; excess water loss; diseases

Question 18

clinical manifestations of hypernatremia

Answer 18

restlessness, agitation; seizure, coma