Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
gas exchange, communication, olfaction, acid base balance, blood pressure regulation, blood and lymph flow, platelet production, blood filtration, expulsion of abdominal contents
which of the following is directly related to respiratory production of carbon
regulation of pH
the upper respiratory tract extends from the nose through the ______.
larynx
what are the most numerous cells in the lungs
dust cells
the heart indents into the ____ of the left lung.
cardiac notch
the lungs have a total of 5 ____.
lobes
which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
a. the ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder
b. the urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females
c. the kidneys are at the equal heights within the pelvic cavity
d. the right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left
the kidneys are at equal height within the pelvic cavity
the ___ is not an organ of the urinary system
liver
what are the function of the kidneys?
filter blood and excrete toxic metabolic waste
regulate blood volume, pressure, osmolarity
regulate electrolytes and acid base balance
secrete erthtopoietin
regulate calcium levels ( calcitriol syntheisis)
clear hormones from blood
detoxify free radicals
synthesis glucose from amino acids in starvation
which organ system excretes nitrogenous wastes?
the urinary system ( kidney)
blood plasma is filtered in the ___
renal corpuscle
the average person has approximately ___ nephrons per kidney
1.5
aldosterone acts on the ____
distal convoluted tubule
which of the following is a direct result of anitdiuretic hormone
decreased urine volume
normal urine from a healthy person should not contain
glucose
micturition is another term for
urinating
which of these structures does urine travel
ureters
what is the name of structure at C
what is the name of the structure at E
most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate by which region of the nephron
proximal convoluted tubule
ich region of the nephron is permeable to water but not NACl
collecting ducts *
ADH targets whioch region of the renal tubule
collecting ducts
An example of chemical digestion is the breakdown of ___ into ____
nucleic acids; nucleotides
which of the following is the accessory organ of the digestuion respinsible for producing bile
the liver
which of the following is not an accesory organ of digestion?
spleen
the layer that is responsible for the motility that propels food and residue through the digestive tract is called the___
muscular externa
the outermost layer of the digestive tract, which is composed of a thin layer of areolar tissue and simple squamous epithelium is called the ___
serosa
the small intestine is suspended from the abdominal wall by the ____
the mesentery
Each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract, which one has them in the correct order from lumen to external surface?
lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
____ is a hormone, whereas ____ is an enzyme
secretin;pepsin
the _____ regulate digestive tract motility, secretion and blood flow, its neutrons are found in the ____
enteric nervous system; submucosa and muscularis externa
carbohydrate digestion begins in the ___ whereas protein digestion begins in the ___
mouth; stomach
which of the following is not normally found in saliva
protease
the ___ stores excess glucose and releases it into the blood when needed
liver
the ___ synthesizes bile acids by metabolizing _____
liver; cholesterol
what are components of the pancreatic juice?
alkaline mixture of water, enzymes, zymogens, sodium bicarbonate, electrolytes
which of the following nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine
a. water
b. vitamins
c. proteins
d. minerals
e. cholesterol
proteins
which of the following is not involved in chemical digestion ?
the large intestine
which organ does protein digestion begin?
the stomach
where does most nutrient absorption occur?
the small intestine
where do mass movements occur?
in the transverse, descending, sigmoid colons
the ___ regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
pepsinogen is produced by ___ and is activated by ___ which is secreted by ___
chief cells; hydrochloric acid; parietal cells
which of the following is a function of the stomach
food storage organ
break up, liquefies, chemical digestion of protein and fat ( make chyme)
necessary for vitamin b12 absorption, __ is/are secreted by ___ cells
intrinsic factor; parietal
hydrocholoric acid is secreted by ___ cells
parietal
which of the following is not a function of gastric hydrochloric acid?
emulsify lipids
the __ phase is associated with food stretching the stomach and activated myenteric and vagovagal reflexes, which stimulate gastric secretions
gastric
which are the three phases of gastric secretion
- cephalic phase, 2. gastric phase, 3. intestinal phase
which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
a. control of ph
b. promote flow of lymph and venous blood
c. helps regulate blood pressure
d. assists in the synthesis of vasodilators
e. aid in defecation
d. assists in the synthesis of vasodilators
