Exam 2 Flashcards
special lymphatic vessels called lacteals absorb dietary ___ that are not absorbed by blood capillaries
lipids
lymphatic vessels recover about ___ of the fluid filtered by capillaries
15%
lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in ____
protein
which of the following forces does not help lymph flow?
the lymphatic node pump
___ are the largest of the lymphatic vessels, and they empty into the ___
collecting ducts;subclavain veins
___ are found in the mucous membrane,stnainf guard against parasites and allergens
eosinophils
___ employ respiratory burts to produce bacterial chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite
neutrophils
immune surveillance is a process in which ___ nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells
natural killer cells
perforin is released by
cytotoxic t cells
which of the following is not an example of lymphatic tissue
macrophages
which of the following is common in the distal small intestine
aggregated lymphoid nodule
t cells achieve immunocompetence in the ____
thymus
the ___ show a remarkable degree of degneration with age
thymus
which of the following does not belong to the second line of defense
gastric juices
__ lacks the capacity to remember a pathogen or react differently to it in the future, whereas __ utilizes memory cells to adapt to a given pathogen and ward it off more easily in the future
innate immunity; adaptive immunity
basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called ___ and a vasodilator called ____
heparin;histamine
when an enemy cell is present, a ____ secretes perforins, which bore a hole in the enemy cell membrane
natural killer cell
___ are secreted by cells infected with viruses alterting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected
interferons
__ are antimicrobial protiens
interferons
complement fixation cannot lead to ___
endogenous pyrexia
a pyrogen is a substance that causes ____
fever
the first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation is ___
margination
__ is not a cardinal sign characteristic of inflammation
impaired use
which of these cellular agents does not participate in inflammation
cytotoxic t cells
one characterisitic of the immune response is specificity. this means that ____
immunity is directed against a particular pathogen
cellular immunity is effective against
cancer cells
vaccination stimulates ___ immunity
artificial active immunity
the serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulates ____ immunity
artificial passive
helper T cells recognize antigens when they are boudnd to an ____
major histocompatibility complex protien ( MHC)
which of the following cannot act as antigen presenting cells?
T cells
cytotoxic t ( tc) cells are like naruteal killer ( nk) cells because they both ____
secrete granzymes and perforin
helper t cells do not ___
Secrete fever producing chemicals
___ participate in both innate immunity and the immune response
Helper T cells
which is the correct sequence of events in the humoral immune response?
antigen recognition, antigen presentation, clonal selection,differentiation, attack
before b cells secrete antibodies, they differentiate into ___
plasma cells
which of the following is something antibodies antibodies do not do
differentiate into memory antibodies, which re upon re exposure to the same pathogen would mount a quicker attack
the humane immunodeficiency virus targets mainly ____
helper t cells
one group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer cells is ____
granzymes
the majority of t cells of the naive lymphocyte pool wait for the encounter with foreign antigens in the ____
lymphatic tissues
autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish ___ from foreign ones
self antigens
a person who has HIV positive and has a helper t cell count lower than ___ has aids
200 cells
which of these organs shrinks significantly by adulthood
thymus
which of these is the largest lymphoid organ in the body
spleen
t/f pus is made of dead neutrophils macrophages, and other tissue debris from damaged tissue
true
t/f do T cells make antibodies?
f
