exam 3

Question 1

What is a non communicable disease

Answer 1

A disease that cannot be transferred from person to person.

Question 2

What is actual causes of death?

Answer 2

provides insight into the underylying cuse of death.

Question 3

3 categories of actual causes of death

Answer 3

noncommunicable diseases, communicable diseases, and
environmental diseases and injuries

Question 4

Main noncommunicable diseases

Answer 4

Cardiovascular disease
* Cancers
* Depression
* Alzheimer’s
* Chronic arthritis

Question 5

Leading cause of death in US

Answer 5

Cardiovascular diseases and cancer
represent nearly 25% of the causes of death
reflected on death certificates in the US

Question 6

what is screening

Answer 6

use of tests on asymptomatic individuals

Question 7

4 criteria for screening

Answer 7

1. The disease produces substantiable death or disability
2. Early detection is possible and improve outcome
3. There is a feasible testing strategy for screening
4. Screening is acceptable in terms of harms, cost and patient acceptance

Question 8

Lead time bias

Answer 8

early detection without improved outcome

Question 9

endemic

Answer 9

when a disease is continuously present at fairly low levels

Question 10

what are two ways to break the chain of infection?

Answer 10

1.vaccination
2. education

Question 11

Passive immunity:

Answer 11

Inject antibodies into individuals for short term protection

Question 12

inactivated vaccines

Answer 12

dead organisms injected into patient to build immunity

Question 13

live vaccines

Answer 13

weakened organisms used to stimulate cell mediated immunity and create long term protection

Question 14

herd immunity

Answer 14

when high levels of the pop have been vaccinated the rest of the population is protected

Question 15

what are some public healt tools available to adress the burden of communicable diseases

Answer 15

barrier protection, immunizations

Question 16

what are some barrier protections

Answer 16

isolation, quarantine, bed nets, condoms

Question 17

unaltered environment

Answer 17

a natural environment- earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes effecting the earth we didn’t change anything or do anything for them to occur.

Question 18

altered environment

Answer 18

the result of added chemicals, or radiation such as pesticides

Question 19

built environment

Answer 19

results of human construction

Question 20

risk assessment

Answer 20

is a formal process that
aims to measure exposure, predict the
potential impact of known hazards, and
inform decision-making to control or respond
to unacceptable exposures to environmental
hazards

Question 21

public health assessment

Answer 21

goes beyond a risk
assessment by including data on actual exposure in a
community

Question 22

ecological risk assessment`

Answer 22

examines
the impacts of contaminants on
ecological systems ranging from
chemicals, to radiation, to genetically
altered crops

Question 23

montreal protocal

Answer 23

global agreement to protect the
stratospheric ozone layer; phasing out production and
consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS); first
treaty to achieve universal ratification by all countries –
hugely successful in slowing and reversing the increase of
ODS in the atmosphere

Question 24

interaction analysis

Answer 24

implies that to understand and control
the impacts of environmental exposures, it is necessary to
take into account the effect of two or more exposures

Question 25

health equity

Answer 25

posits that
everyone should have the
opportunity to pursue the
healthiest life possible, no
matter where they live or
work, the color of their skin, or
the amount of money they
have

Question 26

intentional injuries

Answer 26

brought on by purpose

Question 27

unintentional injuries

Answer 27

brought on by accident

Question 28

precautionary principle

Answer 28

if the consequences of an action are unknown but posed to have a somewhat negative outcome it id better to avoid that action.