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intro to public health pt 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does HALE stand for?

A

Health adjusted life expectancy

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2
Q

What campaign worked with social media and advertising to make exercise “cool”

A

VERB campaign

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3
Q

What is the certainty effect

A

Where people want to maintain a tolerable level of health

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4
Q

This allows to pass legislation and take action against the common good. (gas stations selling cigs to minors)

A

police power

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5
Q

Most unethical study 1932-1972

A

Tuskegee Alabama and it was about syphallus

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6
Q

Most difficult components to stop is ones that have?

A

Physiological components

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7
Q

not getting screened for skin cancer because you think you don’t get sunburns.

A

Health belief model

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8
Q

Must approve all research

A

IRB (institutional review board)

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9
Q

What does 1 or 100% signify

A

it signifies full health

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10
Q

3 out of 6 components of measuring HALES?

A
  1. mobility
  2. self-care
  3. cognitive
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11
Q

Principle that patients need to give their permission

A

Informed consent

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12
Q

The dynamic interplay among personal factors, environment

A

reciprocal determination

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13
Q

What is the main construct or idea behind the stages of change model?

A

People go through incremental stages when changing behavior

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14
Q

3 levels of influence

A
  1. intrapersonal
  2. interpersonal
  3. population/community
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15
Q

Stages of changes model

A

Transtheoretical model

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16
Q

3 categories DALYS are divided into?

A

Communicable disease
non communicable disease
injuries

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17
Q

negative constitution

A

The u.s constitution allows but does not require governments to act, to protect public health or to provide healthcare

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18
Q

bioethics

A

taking group or personal morals and applying them to constitutional issues

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19
Q

What are the six key components of quality of health care?

A

Mobility
Cognition
Self care
Pain
Mood
Sensory organ function

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20
Q

One daly represents what?

A

The loss of one year in full health

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21
Q

What does daly stand for?

A

Disability-adjusted life year

22
Q

What is the utility scale?

A

Provides a quantitive measurement of value or importance that can be combined with probabilities to allow comparisons of different interventions

1 to 0 or 100% to 0%

23
Q

1 or 100% represents what?

A

no health related limitations; full health

24
Q

0 or 0%

A

immediate death- nothing worse on the utility scale

25
Q

Example of utility scale

A

0.20 is coinsidered very poor 0.90is coinsidered very good

26
Q

Unfamiliarity effect?

A

Our degree of familiarity with a potential harm or benefit can greatly influence how we perceive data and translate it for your own situation

27
Q

Uncontrability effect

A

We often consider hazards that we perceive as in our control as less threatening than ones we perceives as out of our control

28
Q

Certainty effect

A

decision maker favors the status quo rather than a probability of obtaining a better or worse outcome

29
Q

long shot effect

A

decision maker perceives the status quo as intolerable and is willing to
take action with only a small chance of success and a large chance of making the
situation worse

30
Q

Health literacy

A

The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain,
process, and understand basic health information and
services needed to make appropriate decisions is known as
health literacy

31
Q

intrapersonal influence?

A

focusing on individual characteristics:
knowledge, attitude, personal expirences, beliefs

32
Q

interpersonal

A

focusing on relationships between people

33
Q

population and community

A

focusing on factors within social structures

34
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

dynamic interplay among personal factors

35
Q

Early adopters

A

Those who seek to expirement with innovative ideas

36
Q

Early majority adopters

A

Often opinion leaders whose social status
frequently influences others to adopt the behavior

37
Q

late adopters

A

Those who need support, and encouragement to make adoption as easy as possible

38
Q

5 stages of change

A

precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance

39
Q

social justice

A

Grounded in efforts to address
social and economic inequalities
that developed during the
Industrial Revolution in Europe
and later in the United States

40
Q

the industrial revolution

A

early 1800s
emergence of upper lower and working class
more people living and working in cities
mass production
pollution
poor living and wokring conditions

41
Q

socioeconomic status

A

U.S. definition includes measures
strongly related to income,
including:
* Family income
* Educational level or parents’
educational level
* Professional status or parents’
professional status

42
Q

5 domains of socioeconomic

A

economic stability
education access and quality
health care access and quality
neighborhood and built enviornment
social and community context

43
Q

10 Key
Categories of
Social
Determinants
of Health

A

Social status
Social support or alienation
Food
Housing
Education
Work
Stress
Transportation
Place
Access to health services

44
Q

Inform of Decision

A

The clinician has all the essential information and can make decisions in the best
interest of the patient

45
Q

Informed Consent

A

Patients must give their permission or consent before major interventions can
be undertaken

46
Q

Shared Decision-Making

A

It is the clinician’s job to provide information to the patient with which he or she
can make a decision

47
Q

Interstate Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution

A

is the major
source of federal authority in public health and health care

48
Q

Is there a right to health care?

A

In 1948, a right to health care was incorporated into the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and the Constitution of the World Health
Organization (WHO)

49
Q

Belmont Report

A

defines the rights of research subjects and
outlines three basic ethical principles

50
Q

Respect for persons

A

Autonomy, protect those with diminished
autonomy

51
Q

Beneficence

A

Do no harm, maximize possible benefits and minimize
possible harms

52
Q

Justice

A

Fairness in distribution

intro to public health pt 2 (4 decks)

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