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intro to public health pt 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does HALE stand for?

A

Health adjusted life expectancy

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2
Q

What campaign worked with social media and advertising to make exercise “cool”

A

VERB campaign

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3
Q

What is the certainty effect

A

Where people want to maintain a tolerable level of health

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4
Q

This allows to pass legislation and take action against the common good. (gas stations selling cigs to minors)

A

police power

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5
Q

Most unethical study 1932-1972

A

Tuskegee Alabama and it was about syphallus

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6
Q

Most difficult components to stop is ones that have?

A

Physiological components

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7
Q

not getting screened for skin cancer because you think you don’t get sunburns.

A

Health belief model

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8
Q

Must approve all research

A

IRB (institutional review board)

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9
Q

What does 1 or 100% signify

A

it signifies full health

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10
Q

3 out of 6 components of measuring HALES?

A
  1. mobility
  2. self-care
  3. cognitive
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11
Q

Principle that patients need to give their permission

A

Informed consent

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12
Q

The dynamic interplay among personal factors, environment

A

reciprocal determination

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13
Q

What is the main construct or idea behind the stages of change model?

A

People go through incremental stages when changing behavior

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14
Q

3 levels of influence

A
  1. intrapersonal
  2. interpersonal
  3. population/community
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15
Q

Stages of changes model

A

Transtheoretical model

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16
Q

3 categories DALYS are divided into?

A

Communicable disease
non communicable disease
injuries

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17
Q

negative constitution

A

The u.s constitution allows but does not require governments to act, to protect public health or to provide healthcare

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18
Q

bioethics

A

taking group or personal morals and applying them to constitutional issues

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19
Q

What are the six key components of quality of health care?

A

Mobility
Cognition
Self care
Pain
Mood
Sensory organ function

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20
Q

One daly represents what?

A

The loss of one year in full health

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21
Q

What does daly stand for?

A

Disability-adjusted life year

22
Q

What is the utility scale?

A

Provides a quantitive measurement of value or importance that can be combined with probabilities to allow comparisons of different interventions

1 to 0 or 100% to 0%

23
Q

1 or 100% represents what?

A

no health related limitations; full health

24
Q

0 or 0%

A

immediate death- nothing worse on the utility scale

25
Example of utility scale
0.20 is coinsidered very poor 0.90is coinsidered very good
26
Unfamiliarity effect?
Our degree of familiarity with a potential harm or benefit can greatly influence how we perceive data and translate it for your own situation
27
Uncontrability effect
We often consider hazards that we perceive as in our control as less threatening than ones we perceives as out of our control
28
Certainty effect
decision maker favors the status quo rather than a probability of obtaining a better or worse outcome
29
long shot effect
decision maker perceives the status quo as intolerable and is willing to take action with only a small chance of success and a large chance of making the situation worse
30
Health literacy
The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate decisions is known as health literacy
31
intrapersonal influence?
focusing on individual characteristics: knowledge, attitude, personal expirences, beliefs
32
interpersonal
focusing on relationships between people
33
population and community
focusing on factors within social structures
34
reciprocal determinism
dynamic interplay among personal factors
35
Early adopters
Those who seek to expirement with innovative ideas
36
Early majority adopters
Often opinion leaders whose social status frequently influences others to adopt the behavior
37
late adopters
Those who need support, and encouragement to make adoption as easy as possible
38
5 stages of change
precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance
39
social justice
Grounded in efforts to address social and economic inequalities that developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe and later in the United States
40
the industrial revolution
early 1800s emergence of upper lower and working class more people living and working in cities mass production pollution poor living and wokring conditions
41
socioeconomic status
U.S. definition includes measures strongly related to income, including: * Family income * Educational level or parents' educational level * Professional status or parents' professional status
42
5 domains of socioeconomic
economic stability education access and quality health care access and quality neighborhood and built enviornment social and community context
43
10 Key Categories of Social Determinants of Health
Social status Social support or alienation Food Housing Education Work Stress Transportation Place Access to health services
44
Inform of Decision
The clinician has all the essential information and can make decisions in the best interest of the patient
45
Informed Consent
Patients must give their permission or consent before major interventions can be undertaken
46
Shared Decision-Making
It is the clinician's job to provide information to the patient with which he or she can make a decision
47
Interstate Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution
is the major source of federal authority in public health and health care
48
Is there a right to health care?
In 1948, a right to health care was incorporated into the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO)
49
Belmont Report
defines the rights of research subjects and outlines three basic ethical principles
50
Respect for persons
Autonomy, protect those with diminished autonomy
51
Beneficence
Do no harm, maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms
52
Justice
Fairness in distribution

intro to public health pt 2 (4 decks)

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