Exam 3 Flashcards
The factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms
motivation
Inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned
instincts
The view that people and animals are born preprogrammed with sets of behaviors essential to their survival
instinct approaches to motivation
how is sexual behavior an instinct?
There is an innate biological instinct to reproduce
Theories suggesting that a lack of a basic biological requirement such as water produces a drive to obtain that requirement (in this case, the thirst drive)
drive-reduction approaches to motivation
Motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need
drive
what are some examples of basic drives?
- Hunger
- Thirst
- Sleep
- Sex
what is a primary drive?
fulfills a basic need
what is as secondary drive?
prior experiences and learning bring about needs
The body’s tendency to maintain a steady internal state
homeostasis
What functions operate via homeostasis?
needs for food, water, stable body temp, and sleep
The belief that we try to maintain certain levels of stimulation and activity, increasing or reducing them as necessary
arousal approaches to motivation
Theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals, or incentives
incentive approaches to motivation
Theories suggesting that motivation is a product of people’s thoughts and expectations—their cognitions
cognitive approaches to motivation
causes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment rather an for any concrete, tangible reward that it will bring us
Intrinsic Motivation
causes us to do something for money, grade, or some other concrete, tangible reward
extrinsic motivation
Who devised a model of motivation?
Maslow
places motivational needs in a hierarchy and suggests that before more sophisticated, higher order needs can be met, certain primary needs must be satisfied
Maslow’s Model
These kinds of needs include the need to obtain and give affection and to be a contributing member of some group or society
love and belongingness needs
The recognition that others value your competence and worth, and they admire you for your qualities
esteem
What are the five sets of needs in order?
- Physiological
- safety
- love and belongingness
- esteem
- self actualization
A state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential, each in their own unique way
self- actualization
Who created the self-determination theory?
ryan and deci
What are the three basics of the self determination theory?
- competence
- autonomy
- relatedness