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PTA 201 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Intertrochanteric vs Subtrochanteric Fxs of the hip

A

-Intertrochanteric fractures go through the greater and lesser trochanters
-Subtrochanteric fractures happen below the lesser trochanter

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2
Q

Which hip muscles insert into the Greater Trochanter?

A

-Glute Med
-Glute Min
-All ERs

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3
Q

Which hip muscle inserts into the Lesser Trochanter?

A

Iliospoas

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4
Q

What is the Hip Joint AKA?

A

Coxofemoral Joint

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5
Q

What is the Acetabulum?

A

The concave portion of the hip joint

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6
Q

Which ligament directly connects the head of the femur to the acetabulum?

A

The Round Ligament

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7
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip?

A

-Ischiofemoral
-Iliofemoral
-Pubofemoral

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8
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body?

A

The Iliofemoral ligament of the hip. AKA the Y ligament

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9
Q

What are the Flexors of the Hip?

A

-Psoas Major
-Iliacus
-Pectineus
-Rectus Femoris
-Sartorius
-Tensor Fascia Latae

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10
Q

What are the Extensors of the Hip?

A

-Gluteus Maximus
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
-Biceps Femoris

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11
Q

What are the Abductors of the Hip?

A

-Gluteus Medius
-Gluteus Minimus
-Tensor Fascia Latae
-Sartorius

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12
Q

What are the Adductors of the Hip?

A

-Gracilis
-Pectineus
-Quadratus Femoris
-Adductor Brevis
-Adductor Longus
-Adductor Magnus

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13
Q

What are the Internal Rotators of the Hip?

A

-Gluteus Minimus
-Gluteus Medius
-Tensor Fascia Latae

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14
Q

What are the External Rotators of the Hip?

A

-Piriformis
-Quadratus Femoris
-Gluteus Maximus
-Gemellus Superior
-Obturator Internus
-Gemellus Inferior
-Obturator Externus

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15
Q

What kind of injury would affect blood supply to the round ligament?

A

Hip dislocation

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16
Q

What kind of injury would affect blood supply to the Femur?

A

Femoral Neck Fracture

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17
Q

Which is the largest nerve in the body?

A

The Sciatic Nerve

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18
Q

Tightness in which muscles can pinch down on the Sciatic Nerve?

A

Hip external rotators

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19
Q

What is the definition of an Open Pelvic Fracture?

A

A fracture which breaks the skin or internal organs of the pelvis

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20
Q

What are 50% of Open Pelvic Fractures caused by?

A

-50% by Motorcycle and automobile accidents
-50% by falls and industrial crushes

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21
Q

What are Pelvic Rami Fractures often caused by?

A

A seat belt in a car crash

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22
Q

What is an Open Book Fracture

A

A fracture which separates the pelvis at the pubis

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23
Q

If a pt. has had ORIF to the hip, does that give us the green light for mobility?

A

Yes

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24
Q

How long is bed rest for hip fracture patients who are stabilized via ORIF vs unstabilized?

A

2/3 wks vs 8 wks

25
Q

What percent of the population have SI joints which are out of alignment?

A

80-85%

26
Q

What is the most common acute orthopedic injury in the geriatric population?

A

Hip Fracture

27
Q

Which exercises are contraindicated for 6-8 wks after a hip fracture?

A

SLR and bridges

28
Q

What is Legg-Calve-Perthes

A

The pediatric form of AVN

29
Q

What is typically done for Legg-Calve-Perthes

A

The patient would be in an abduction brace for up to 2 years to keep the femoral head seated

30
Q

What is a Proximal Femoral Osteotomy?

A

A surgical correction of the femoral neck and femoral shaft angle

31
Q

THR vs Hemiarthroplasty

A

-THR: replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum
-Hemiarthroplasty: replacement of just the femoral head

32
Q

What causes bursitis in the hip?

A

-ITB tightness in sedentary people
-Friction at the greater trochanter for highly active people

33
Q

What causes Piriformis Syndrome?

A

Compression of the sciatic nerve as it peirces through the piriformis muscle

34
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the hip?

A

-Flexion
-Abduction
-Internal Rotation

35
Q

What does the Thomas Test test for?

A

Iliopsoas and Rectus Femoris tightness

36
Q

What does the FABER Test test for?

A

Capsular Tightness

37
Q

What does the OBER Test test for?

A

Tensor Fascia Latae Tightness

38
Q

What does the Scour Test test for?

A

Articular Cartilage Degeneration

39
Q

What is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis?

A

A disorder in adolescents which consists of the femoral head slipping posteriorly from the femur. It happens in males more than females.

40
Q

Which hip fracture has the highest incidence of AVN?

A

Femoral Neck Fractures

41
Q

Limited blood flow to the femoral head in children is called…

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes

42
Q

Weight bearing status after a cemented THR is…

A

WBAT

43
Q

One cause for hip external rotation is femoral…

A

Retroversion

44
Q

Which knee meniscus makes a C shape and which makes an O shape?

A

-MC Hammer: Medial Meniscus makes a C shape
-Lateral Meniscus makes an O shape

45
Q

What are the Knee Extensors?

A

-Vastus Lateralis
-Vastus Medialis
-Vastus Intermedialis
-Rectus Femoris

46
Q

What are the Flexors of the Knee?

A

-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
-Biceps Femoris
-Gastrocnemius

47
Q

What causes an ACL injury

A

Hyperextension with valgus stress
-Quick change of direction while running, landing from a jump, or turning

48
Q

What causes a PCL injury?

A

Posterior directed force on a flexed knee
-Can happen when getting in a car accident

49
Q

What does the ACL prevent?

A

Anterior movement of the tibia and knee hyperextension

50
Q

What is the Unhappy Triad or O’Donoghue’s Triad?

A

Injury to the ACL, MCL, and Medial Meniscus

51
Q

What does the Lachman’s Test test for?

A

ACL stability

52
Q

What does the Anterior Drawer Test test for?

A

ACL stability

53
Q

Autograft vs Allograft

A

-Autograft is a graft taken from yourself
-Allograft is a graft taken from a cadaver

54
Q

Which exercise is contraindicated in the Max protection phase after ACL repair?

A

Terminal Knee Extensions

55
Q

What is the most important thing to be achieved quickly after an ACL repair?

A

Full knee extension

56
Q

When does Meniscus Degeneration typically occur?

A

> 40

57
Q

What does the McMurry’s Test test for?

A

Meniscus tears

58
Q

What does the Aply’s Test test for?

A

Meniscus tears

59
Q

What is a Knee Arthroscopy typically done for?

A

A Meniscus Repair

PTA 201 (5 decks)

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