Exam 3 Flashcards
Intertrochanteric vs Subtrochanteric Fxs of the hip
-Intertrochanteric fractures go through the greater and lesser trochanters
-Subtrochanteric fractures happen below the lesser trochanter
Which hip muscles insert into the Greater Trochanter?
-Glute Med
-Glute Min
-All ERs
Which hip muscle inserts into the Lesser Trochanter?
Iliospoas
What is the Hip Joint AKA?
Coxofemoral Joint
What is the Acetabulum?
The concave portion of the hip joint
Which ligament directly connects the head of the femur to the acetabulum?
The Round Ligament
What are the ligaments of the hip?
-Ischiofemoral
-Iliofemoral
-Pubofemoral
What is the strongest ligament in the body?
The Iliofemoral ligament of the hip. AKA the Y ligament
What are the Flexors of the Hip?
-Psoas Major
-Iliacus
-Pectineus
-Rectus Femoris
-Sartorius
-Tensor Fascia Latae
What are the Extensors of the Hip?
-Gluteus Maximus
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
-Biceps Femoris
What are the Abductors of the Hip?
-Gluteus Medius
-Gluteus Minimus
-Tensor Fascia Latae
-Sartorius
What are the Adductors of the Hip?
-Gracilis
-Pectineus
-Quadratus Femoris
-Adductor Brevis
-Adductor Longus
-Adductor Magnus
What are the Internal Rotators of the Hip?
-Gluteus Minimus
-Gluteus Medius
-Tensor Fascia Latae
What are the External Rotators of the Hip?
-Piriformis
-Quadratus Femoris
-Gluteus Maximus
-Gemellus Superior
-Obturator Internus
-Gemellus Inferior
-Obturator Externus
What kind of injury would affect blood supply to the round ligament?
Hip dislocation
What kind of injury would affect blood supply to the Femur?
Femoral Neck Fracture
Which is the largest nerve in the body?
The Sciatic Nerve
Tightness in which muscles can pinch down on the Sciatic Nerve?
Hip external rotators
What is the definition of an Open Pelvic Fracture?
A fracture which breaks the skin or internal organs of the pelvis
What are 50% of Open Pelvic Fractures caused by?
-50% by Motorcycle and automobile accidents
-50% by falls and industrial crushes
What are Pelvic Rami Fractures often caused by?
A seat belt in a car crash
What is an Open Book Fracture
A fracture which separates the pelvis at the pubis
If a pt. has had ORIF to the hip, does that give us the green light for mobility?
Yes
How long is bed rest for hip fracture patients who are stabilized via ORIF vs unstabilized?
2/3 wks vs 8 wks
What percent of the population have SI joints which are out of alignment?
80-85%
What is the most common acute orthopedic injury in the geriatric population?
Hip Fracture
Which exercises are contraindicated for 6-8 wks after a hip fracture?
SLR and bridges
What is Legg-Calve-Perthes
The pediatric form of AVN
What is typically done for Legg-Calve-Perthes
The patient would be in an abduction brace for up to 2 years to keep the femoral head seated
What is a Proximal Femoral Osteotomy?
A surgical correction of the femoral neck and femoral shaft angle
THR vs Hemiarthroplasty
-THR: replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum
-Hemiarthroplasty: replacement of just the femoral head
What causes bursitis in the hip?
-ITB tightness in sedentary people
-Friction at the greater trochanter for highly active people
What causes Piriformis Syndrome?
Compression of the sciatic nerve as it peirces through the piriformis muscle
What is the capsular pattern for the hip?
-Flexion
-Abduction
-Internal Rotation
What does the Thomas Test test for?
Iliopsoas and Rectus Femoris tightness
What does the FABER Test test for?
Capsular Tightness
What does the OBER Test test for?
Tensor Fascia Latae Tightness
What does the Scour Test test for?
Articular Cartilage Degeneration
What is Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis?
A disorder in adolescents which consists of the femoral head slipping posteriorly from the femur. It happens in males more than females.
Which hip fracture has the highest incidence of AVN?
Femoral Neck Fractures
Limited blood flow to the femoral head in children is called…
Legg-Calve-Perthes
Weight bearing status after a cemented THR is…
WBAT
One cause for hip external rotation is femoral…
Retroversion
Which knee meniscus makes a C shape and which makes an O shape?
-MC Hammer: Medial Meniscus makes a C shape
-Lateral Meniscus makes an O shape
What are the Knee Extensors?
-Vastus Lateralis
-Vastus Medialis
-Vastus Intermedialis
-Rectus Femoris
What are the Flexors of the Knee?
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
-Biceps Femoris
-Gastrocnemius
What causes an ACL injury
Hyperextension with valgus stress
-Quick change of direction while running, landing from a jump, or turning
What causes a PCL injury?
Posterior directed force on a flexed knee
-Can happen when getting in a car accident
What does the ACL prevent?
Anterior movement of the tibia and knee hyperextension
What is the Unhappy Triad or O’Donoghue’s Triad?
Injury to the ACL, MCL, and Medial Meniscus
What does the Lachman’s Test test for?
ACL stability
What does the Anterior Drawer Test test for?
ACL stability
Autograft vs Allograft
-Autograft is a graft taken from yourself
-Allograft is a graft taken from a cadaver
Which exercise is contraindicated in the Max protection phase after ACL repair?
Terminal Knee Extensions
What is the most important thing to be achieved quickly after an ACL repair?
Full knee extension
When does Meniscus Degeneration typically occur?
> 40
What does the McMurry’s Test test for?
Meniscus tears
What does the Aply’s Test test for?
Meniscus tears
What is a Knee Arthroscopy typically done for?
A Meniscus Repair
