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Bio-169 Lecture > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 intrinsic defense systems?

A

Innate (non-specific)

Adaptive (specific)

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2
Q

Innate systems first line of defense?

A

Body membranes

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3
Q

Innate defense system 2nd line of defense?

A

Cells

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4
Q

Adaptive defense system (3rd line of defense)?

A

Specific attack against foreign substances—- takes longer

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5
Q

Definition of pathogen?

A

Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms

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6
Q

What are Innate defense surface defenses?

A

Skin and mucosae

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7
Q

How do antibodies help with destruction?

A

They MARK. They put the death tag on the cell.

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8
Q

B-cells do what?

A

Make antibodies

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9
Q

T-cells function?

A

Cellular immunity

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10
Q

Leukocytosis means?

A

“Need WBCs!!”

Neutrophils enter blood stream from bone marrow

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11
Q

Margination is?

A

The neutrophils (phagocytes) cling to the inner walls of capillary

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12
Q

Diapedesis is?

A

Neutriphil (phagocytes) flattens like a mouse and goes through the walls.

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13
Q

Chemotaxis is?

A

Neutrophil follows chemical trail to where its needed.

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14
Q

Interferon function?

A

Interferes with virus attaching to other cells.

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15
Q

What are haptins?

A

An incomplete antigen. Has reactivity but not able to produce an immune response

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16
Q

B-lymph function?

A

Humural immunity

Makes anti-bodies

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17
Q

What does a Cytotoxic t cell attack?

A

Attack and lyse cells that are not “self”

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18
Q

Cytotoxic t cells kill target cells by?

A

Inserting perforins into the target’s membrane

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19
Q

Congenital thymic aplasia is?

A

Failure of the development of the thymus

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20
Q

Vaccinations are?

A

Artificial active immunity

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21
Q

Graft to identical twin?

A

Isograft

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22
Q

The process that begins when a helper t cell binds to a class 2 MHC protein on a displaying cell os known as?

A

Co-stimulation

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23
Q

Which cells stimulate both arms of the immune response?

A

Helper T cells

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24
Q

How many lung lobes?

A

3 lobes R

2 lobes L

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25
Respiratory zones?
Respiratory zone- gas exchange | Conducting zone- conduits for air
26
Function of respiratory mucosa?
Warms air
27
Purpose of nasal conchae?
Increase surface area
28
Nasopharynx for?
Only air
29
Oropharynx for?
Food and air
30
Laryngopharynx for?
Food and air
31
Vestibular folds help what?
Close the glotis
32
Alveoli?
Thin walled air sacs
33
Alveolar sac?
Group of alveoli
34
Type II alveolar cells are?
Surfactant
35
Surfactant definition?
Detergent like substance | Reduces surface tension
36
3 features of alveoli?
Elastic fibers Open alveolar pores Alveolar macrophages
37
Atelectasis is?
Lung collapse
38
Boyles law?
Pressure is inversely related to volume P1V1= P2V2
39
Daltons law of partial pressures?
Total pressure = sum of pressures exerted by each gas in mixture
40
What happens to vessels when Ventilation < perfusion?
Vessles constrict
41
Ventilation > perfusion?
Vessels dilate
42
What influences factors of Hb saturation?
Temperature Blood pH PCO2 (carbon dioxide) Amount if BPG in blood (biphosphoglycerate)
43
Bohr effect
Release one O2 makes it easier for other O2 to release
44
Haldane effect?
Ruduced Hb has a greater ability to form carbaminoHb and buffer H by combining with it.
45
What happens during a Chloride shift?
Bicarbonate ions move from RBC into plasma and then into lungs : To balance movement of ions, chloride moves from plasma into RBC Lungs is opposite
46
What’s deficient in cystic fibrosis?
Channels for chloride
47
CD4 are?
Helper cells
48
CD8 are?
Cytotoxic cells
49
Functional residual capacity is equal to?
RV + ERV
50
What shifts oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
Increase in 2,3 BPG decrease in blood Ph (more acidic) Increase in temperature Increase in PCO2
51
Complement proteins work by?
Forming pores in the membranes of target cells
52
What causes AIDS?
No T helper cells
53
NK cell specialty?
Defend against cancee and virus-infected body cells before adaptive immune system is activated
54
The process thst begins when a helper t cell binds to a class II MHC protein on a displaying cell is known as?
Costimulation
55
Type if defence from B lymphocytes?
Adaptive
56
Wgat is released in a respiratory burst?
Free radicals
57
Toll-like receptors are found on?
Macrophages
58
Which hypersensitivity is caused by t lymphocytes?
Delayed
59
4 processes of respiration
Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) External respiration Transport of respiratory gasses Internal respiration
60
Hypernia is?
Breathing during exercise
61
Part of the brain that controls respiratory rate?
Medulla
62
What is the elastic tissue found in lungs?
Stroma
63
Protective outermost layer of allimentary canal ?
Serosa
64
Moderately dense connective tissue that has a rich supply of blood, lymphatic vessles and nerve fibers
Submucosa
65
Responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
Muscularis externa
66
Main site of nutrient absorption?
Small intestine
67
Phases of gastric secretion?
Cephalic phase Gastric phase Intestinal phase
68
Pepsin digests?
Protein
69
How do antibodies work? (Acronym)
Precipitation Lysis Agglutination Neutralization
70
Define PRECIPITATION
Soluble cells are cross-linked into large complexes that settle out in a solution
71
Define NEUTRALIZATION
Simplest defebse mechanism. Antibodies block the toxin/virus
72
Define AGGLUTINATION
Antibodies have more than one binding site do they tonthe same determinant on more than one antigen at a time. Causes clumping
73
Parietal cells secrete ?
HCl

Bio-169 Lecture (5 decks)

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