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Biomechanics > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

appearance, visuals, observations, patterns, etc of a movement with respect to time

A

Kinematics

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2
Q

movement kinematics are also referred to as ___ or ____

A

form or technique

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3
Q

change in location

A

linear displacement

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4
Q

linear displacement is the ____ distance from initial to final location

A

directed

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5
Q

linear displacement is the ___ equivalent to linear distance

A

vector

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6
Q

Measured along the path of motion =

A

distance

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7
Q

____ is a straight measure,

A

displacement

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8
Q

____ is a path a measure

A

distance

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9
Q

distance= displacement when?

A

when the path is a straight line

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10
Q

Length (or distance)/time=

A

speed

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11
Q

change in position (or displacement)/ change in time =

A

velocity

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12
Q

rate of change in position

A

velocity

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13
Q

vector equivalent of linear speed

A

velocity

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14
Q

positive velocity= _____ direction

A

positive

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15
Q

what 3 things may represent a change in velocity

A

change in speed (magnitude), change in direction, or a change in both

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16
Q

d/t =

A

linear speed

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17
Q

linear speed is a ___ quantity

A

scalar

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18
Q

rate of change in linear velocity

A

acceleration

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19
Q

change in velocity/ time

A

acceleration

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20
Q

running speed is stride___ and stride ___

A

length, frequency

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21
Q

a sprint runner increase __ and decreases___

A

SF, SL

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22
Q

distance runner increase ___ and decrease___

A

SL, SF

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23
Q

accelerating generally means to speed__

A

up

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24
Q

in acceleration if v2 is greater than v1 you are

A

speeding up

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25
Q

is v1-v2 there is ___ acceleration

A

no

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26
Q

sliding into a base is __- acceleration

A

negative

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27
Q

a body in free fall that is subject only to forces of gravity an air resistance=

A

a projectile

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28
Q

vertical component of projective motion is influenced by___

A

gravity

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29
Q

effect of gravity is what

A

the force of gravity on bodies near the surface of earth

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30
Q

what is the force of gravities constant acceleration value

A

-9.81m/s^2

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31
Q

as a ball rises the vertical velocity will __

A

decrease

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32
Q

as a ball falls the vertical velocity will

A

increase

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33
Q

flight path of a projectile

A

trajectory

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34
Q

the direction of a projection with respect to the horizontal

A

projection angle

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35
Q

trajectory is influenced by ____

A

projection angle, projection speed, relative projection height

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36
Q

magnitude of projection velocity

A

projection speed

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37
Q

the difference between projection height and landing height

A

relative projection height

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38
Q

when relative projection height is 0, the angle of projection that produces the max horizontal displacement is

A

45 degrees

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39
Q

as relative height increases, optimum projection angle ___

A

decreases

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40
Q

v2- v1 + at
d=v1t +.5at^2
v2^2 = v1 ^2 + 2 ad

A

equations of constant acceleration

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41
Q

2 assumptions to indicate constant acceleration for projectile motion

A 
no wind ( no horizontal acceleration) 
vertical acceleration of -9.81 m/s^2
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42
Q

equations of constant acceleration can be used only for the v and h component of projectile motion not the ___

A

resultants

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43
Q

study of description of angular motion with regards to space and time

A

angular kinematics

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44
Q

most volitional mvts. of the human body occurs around a __

A

joint

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45
Q

translation of the body is the result of several ___ motions

A

angular

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46
Q

when performing a qualitative analysis that analyst is observing the ____

A

angular kinematics

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47
Q

angle at joint formed between the longitudinal axes of adjacent body segments

A

relative angle

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48
Q

relative angles on the body are found at a ___

A

joint

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49
Q

joint angle=

A

relative angle

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50
Q

position of joint in anatomical position is regarded as __ degrees

A

zero

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51
Q

relative angle measures a joint’s ___

A

ROM

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52
Q

Relative angle is always the ___ angle

A

inner

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53
Q

the inner angle is the ___ angle

A

relative

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54
Q

angular orientation of a body segment with respect to a fixed line of reference

A

absolute anlge

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55
Q

angle found at a body segment

A

absolute angle

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56
Q

segment angle =

A

absolute angle

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57
Q

reference lines of an absolute angle are typically _____ and ___

A

horizontal and vertical

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58
Q

change in angular positino

A

angular displacement

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59
Q

the directed angular distance from initial to final angular position

A

angular displacement

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60
Q

vector equivalent of angular distance

A

angular displacement

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61
Q

units of angular displacement

A

degrees, radians, or rotation/revolutions

62
Q

the size of the anlge subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle

A

radian

63
Q

1 radian = ____ degrees

A

57.3

64
Q

90 degrees = ____ radians, ___ revolutions

A

pi/2, 1/4

65
Q

180 degrees = ____ radians, ____ revolutions

A

pi, 1/2

66
Q

270 degrees= ____ radians, ___ revolutions

A

3pi/2, 3/4

67
Q

360 degrees = ___ radians, ___ revolutions

A

2 pi , 1

68
Q

rate of change in angular position

A

angular velocity

69
Q

angular displacement/time

A

angular velocity

70
Q

equation for angular velocity

A

angular displacement/time

71
Q

theta/time

A

angular displacement

72
Q

the rate of change in angular velocity

A

angular acceleration

73
Q

change in angular velocity/ time

A

angular acceleration

74
Q

equation for angular acceleration

A

change in angular velocity/time

75
Q

ratio of circumference to the diameter of a circle

A

pi

76
Q

the value of pi is

A

3.14

77
Q

ratio between the length of an arc and the circle radius

A

radian

78
Q

one circle =_____ in radians

A

2 x pi

79
Q

____= (radians x 180)/ pi

A

degrees

80
Q

____= (degrees x pi)/180

A

radians

81
Q

degrees = (radians x __ )/ __

A

180, pi

82
Q

radians = (degrees x ___)/___

A

pi, 180

83
Q

the GREATER the radius between a given point on a rotating body and the axis of rotation the ____- the LINEAR distance traveled by that point during and ANGULAR motion

A

greater

84
Q

the ___ the radius of rotation, the greater the linear distance traveled by a point on a rotating body

A

larger

85
Q

the acceleration of a body in angular motion can be resolved into two ____ linear acceleration components

A

perpendicular

86
Q

component of acceleration of angular motion directed along a tangent to the path of motion

A

tangential acceleration

87
Q

represents a change in linear speed

A

tangential acceleration

88
Q

v2-v1/ t

A

tangential acceleration

89
Q

tangential acceleration equation

A

(v2-v1)/ t

90
Q

component of acceleration of angular motion directed toward the center or curvature

A

radial acceleration

91
Q

represent a change in direction

A

radial acceleration

92
Q

v^2/r

A

radial acceleration

93
Q

radial acceleration equation

A

v^2/r

94
Q

inertia, mass, force, COG, weight, pressure, torque, and impulse all refer to ____

A

kinetics

95
Q

a force applied to a body causes acceleration of that body

A

law of acceleration

96
Q

ma=

A

F

97
Q

greater the force= __ the acceleration

A

greater

98
Q

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

law of reaction

99
Q

the law of reaction implies force and counterforce are ___ in magnitude and ___ in direction

A

equal in magnitude and opposite in reaction

100
Q

ground reaction forces (GRF) magnitude on a level surface is on average ____ body weight

A

2-3x

101
Q

running speed, knee flexion angle, stride legnth, footwear, surface stiffness, and grade all impact

A

GRF

102
Q

harder surfaces do/do not equal higher GRF

A

does not, the body will adjust and the GRF will remain fairly constant

103
Q

the greater the mass the __the attractive force between the two

A

greater

104
Q

all bodies are attracted to another with a force proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

A

newton’s law of gravitation

105
Q

fg= (law of gravitation)

A

force of t gravitational attraction

106
Q

g= (law of gravitation)

A

gravitational constant (-9.81 m/s/s)

107
Q

d= (law of gravitation)

A

distance between the mass centers of the bodies

108
Q

with the law of gravitation, the greater distance between the bodies, the ___ the attraction

A

smaller

109
Q

g ((m1 x m2)/r^2) =

A

Fg

110
Q

a force acting over the area of contact between two surfaces

A

friction

111
Q

magnitude of friction is the ___ of coefficient of friction and the normal reaction force

A

product

112
Q

Magnitude of friction = coefficient of friction x

A

normal reaction force

113
Q

motionless =

A

static

114
Q

in motion=

A

dynamic

115
Q

for static bodies, friction is ___ to the applied force

A

equal

116
Q

for dynamic body friction is ___ and ___ than maximum static frictio

A

constant, less

117
Q

quantity of motion possessed by a body

A

momentum

118
Q

product of a body’s mass and it’s velocity

A

momentum

119
Q

M=mv is the equation for

A

linear momentum

120
Q

in the absence of external forces, the total momentum of a given system remains constant

A

principle of conservation of momentum

121
Q

what causes momentum

A

impulse

122
Q

the product of a force and the time interval over which the force acts

A

impulse

123
Q

impulse =

A

Ft =change in momentum

124
Q

Ft= change in _____

A

momentum

125
Q

to cause less damage, the time during which the momentum changes can be increase then the force that must be applied will be ___

A

less

126
Q

impulse can be increase by increasing ___ of __ over which force is applied

A

force or time interval

127
Q

when the force application in prolonged the magnitude of force is ____

A

smaller (like a jump with less height)

128
Q

a collision characterized by the exchange of a LARGE FORCE and a SMALL TIME interval

A

impact

129
Q

impact where the velocity of the system is conserved

A

perfect elastic impact (e=1)

130
Q

impact where there is a total loss of system velocity

A

perfectly plastic impact (e=0)

131
Q

a number that serves as an index of elasticity for colliding bodies (e)

A

coefficient of restitution

132
Q

-e = relative velocity ____ impact / relative velocity ____ impact

A

after, before

133
Q

e represents

A

coefficient of restitution

134
Q

the product of a force applied against a resistance and the displacement of the resistance in the direction of the force

A

mechanical work

135
Q

Fd=

A

W

136
Q

the rate of work production

A

mechanical power

137
Q

work divided by time over which the work was done

A

mechanical power

138
Q

P=

A

w/t

139
Q

the capacity to do work

A

mechanical energy

140
Q

how many forms of energy are there

A

3

141
Q

what are the 3 kinds of energy

A

kinetic, potential, thermal

142
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

143
Q

1/2mv^2

A

KE

144
Q

energy by virtue of a body’s position or configuration

A

potential energy

145
Q

(wt)(ht)=

A

PE

146
Q

capacity to do work by virtue of a deformed body to return to its original shape

A

strain energy

147
Q

when gravity is the only ating external force, a body’s mechanical energy remains constant

A

law of conservation of mechanical energy

148
Q

KE+PE=

A

C (constant)

149
Q

the work of a force is equal to the change in energy that is produces in the object acted upon

A

principle of work and energy

150
Q

delta KE + delta PE + delta TE (thermal)=

A

W

Biomechanics (4 decks)

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