Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
appearance, visuals, observations, patterns, etc of a movement with respect to time
A
Kinematics
2
Q
movement kinematics are also referred to as ___ or ____
A
form or technique
3
Q
change in location
A
linear displacement
4
Q
linear displacement is the ____ distance from initial to final location
A
directed
5
Q
linear displacement is the ___ equivalent to linear distance
A
vector
6
Q
Measured along the path of motion =
A
distance
7
Q
____ is a straight measure,
A
displacement
8
Q
____ is a path a measure
A
distance
9
Q
distance= displacement when?
A
when the path is a straight line
10
Q
Length (or distance)/time=
A
speed
11
Q
change in position (or displacement)/ change in time =
A
velocity
12
Q
rate of change in position
A
velocity
13
Q
vector equivalent of linear speed
A
velocity
14
Q
positive velocity= _____ direction
A
positive
15
Q
what 3 things may represent a change in velocity
A
change in speed (magnitude), change in direction, or a change in both
16
Q
d/t =
A
linear speed
17
Q
linear speed is a ___ quantity
A
scalar
18
Q
rate of change in linear velocity
A
acceleration
19
Q
change in velocity/ time
A
acceleration
20
Q
running speed is stride___ and stride ___
A
length, frequency
21
Q
a sprint runner increase __ and decreases___
A
SF, SL
22
Q
distance runner increase ___ and decrease___
A
SL, SF
23
Q
accelerating generally means to speed__
A
up
24
Q
in acceleration if v2 is greater than v1 you are
A
speeding up
25
is v1-v2 there is ___ acceleration
no
26
sliding into a base is __- acceleration
negative
27
a body in free fall that is subject only to forces of gravity an air resistance=
a projectile
28
vertical component of projective motion is influenced by___
gravity
29
effect of gravity is what
the force of gravity on bodies near the surface of earth
30
what is the force of gravities constant acceleration value
-9.81m/s^2
31
as a ball rises the vertical velocity will __
decrease
32
as a ball falls the vertical velocity will
increase
33
flight path of a projectile
trajectory
34
the direction of a projection with respect to the horizontal
projection angle
35
trajectory is influenced by ____
projection angle, projection speed, relative projection height
36
magnitude of projection velocity
projection speed
37
the difference between projection height and landing height
relative projection height
38
when relative projection height is 0, the angle of projection that produces the max horizontal displacement is
45 degrees
39
as relative height increases, optimum projection angle ___
decreases
40
v2- v1 + at
d=v1t +.5at^2
v2^2 = v1 ^2 + 2 ad
equations of constant acceleration
41
2 assumptions to indicate constant acceleration for projectile motion
```
no wind ( no horizontal acceleration)
vertical acceleration of -9.81 m/s^2
```
42
equations of constant acceleration can be used only for the v and h component of projectile motion not the ___
resultants
43
study of description of angular motion with regards to space and time
angular kinematics
44
most volitional mvts. of the human body occurs around a __
joint
45
translation of the body is the result of several ___ motions
angular
46
when performing a qualitative analysis that analyst is observing the ____
angular kinematics
47
angle at joint formed between the longitudinal axes of adjacent body segments
relative angle
48
relative angles on the body are found at a ___
joint
49
joint angle=
relative angle
50
position of joint in anatomical position is regarded as __ degrees
zero
51
relative angle measures a joint's ___
ROM
52
Relative angle is always the ___ angle
inner
53
the inner angle is the ___ angle
relative
54
angular orientation of a body segment with respect to a fixed line of reference
absolute anlge
55
angle found at a body segment
absolute angle
56
segment angle =
absolute angle
57
reference lines of an absolute angle are typically _____ and ___
horizontal and vertical
58
change in angular positino
angular displacement
59
the directed angular distance from initial to final angular position
angular displacement
60
vector equivalent of angular distance
angular displacement
61
units of angular displacement
degrees, radians, or rotation/revolutions
62
the size of the anlge subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle
radian
63
1 radian = ____ degrees
57.3
64
90 degrees = ____ radians, ___ revolutions
pi/2, 1/4
65
180 degrees = ____ radians, ____ revolutions
pi, 1/2
66
270 degrees= ____ radians, ___ revolutions
3pi/2, 3/4
67
360 degrees = ___ radians, ___ revolutions
2 pi , 1
68
rate of change in angular position
angular velocity
69
angular displacement/time
angular velocity
70
equation for angular velocity
angular displacement/time
71
theta/time
angular displacement
72
the rate of change in angular velocity
angular acceleration
73
change in angular velocity/ time
angular acceleration
74
equation for angular acceleration
change in angular velocity/time
75
ratio of circumference to the diameter of a circle
pi
76
the value of pi is
3.14
77
ratio between the length of an arc and the circle radius
radian
78
one circle =_____ in radians
2 x pi
79
____= (radians x 180)/ pi
degrees
80
____= (degrees x pi)/180
radians
81
degrees = (radians x __ )/ __
180, pi
82
radians = (degrees x ___)/___
pi, 180
83
the GREATER the radius between a given point on a rotating body and the axis of rotation the ____- the LINEAR distance traveled by that point during and ANGULAR motion
greater
84
the ___ the radius of rotation, the greater the linear distance traveled by a point on a rotating body
larger
85
the acceleration of a body in angular motion can be resolved into two ____ linear acceleration components
perpendicular
86
component of acceleration of angular motion directed along a tangent to the path of motion
tangential acceleration
87
represents a change in linear speed
tangential acceleration
88
v2-v1/ t
tangential acceleration
89
tangential acceleration equation
(v2-v1)/ t
90
component of acceleration of angular motion directed toward the center or curvature
radial acceleration
91
represent a change in direction
radial acceleration
92
v^2/r
radial acceleration
93
radial acceleration equation
v^2/r
94
inertia, mass, force, COG, weight, pressure, torque, and impulse all refer to ____
kinetics
95
a force applied to a body causes acceleration of that body
law of acceleration
96
ma=
F
97
greater the force= __ the acceleration
greater
98
for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
law of reaction
99
the law of reaction implies force and counterforce are ___ in magnitude and ___ in direction
equal in magnitude and opposite in reaction
100
ground reaction forces (GRF) magnitude on a level surface is on average ____ body weight
2-3x
101
running speed, knee flexion angle, stride legnth, footwear, surface stiffness, and grade all impact
GRF
102
harder surfaces do/do not equal higher GRF
does not, the body will adjust and the GRF will remain fairly constant
103
the greater the mass the __the attractive force between the two
greater
104
all bodies are attracted to another with a force proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
newton's law of gravitation
105
fg= (law of gravitation)
force of t gravitational attraction
106
g= (law of gravitation)
gravitational constant (-9.81 m/s/s)
107
d= (law of gravitation)
distance between the mass centers of the bodies
108
with the law of gravitation, the greater distance between the bodies, the ___ the attraction
smaller
109
g ((m1 x m2)/r^2) =
Fg
110
a force acting over the area of contact between two surfaces
friction
111
magnitude of friction is the ___ of coefficient of friction and the normal reaction force
product
112
Magnitude of friction = coefficient of friction x
normal reaction force
113
motionless =
static
114
in motion=
dynamic
115
for static bodies, friction is ___ to the applied force
equal
116
for dynamic body friction is ___ and ___ than maximum static frictio
constant, less
117
quantity of motion possessed by a body
momentum
118
product of a body's mass and it's velocity
momentum
119
M=mv is the equation for
linear momentum
120
in the absence of external forces, the total momentum of a given system remains constant
principle of conservation of momentum
121
what causes momentum
impulse
122
the product of a force and the time interval over which the force acts
impulse
123
impulse =
Ft =change in momentum
124
Ft= change in _____
momentum
125
to cause less damage, the time during which the momentum changes can be increase then the force that must be applied will be ___
less
126
impulse can be increase by increasing ___ of __ over which force is applied
force or time interval
127
when the force application in prolonged the magnitude of force is ____
smaller (like a jump with less height)
128
a collision characterized by the exchange of a LARGE FORCE and a SMALL TIME interval
impact
129
impact where the velocity of the system is conserved
perfect elastic impact (e=1)
130
impact where there is a total loss of system velocity
perfectly plastic impact (e=0)
131
a number that serves as an index of elasticity for colliding bodies (e)
coefficient of restitution
132
-e = relative velocity ____ impact / relative velocity ____ impact
after, before
133
e represents
coefficient of restitution
134
the product of a force applied against a resistance and the displacement of the resistance in the direction of the force
mechanical work
135
Fd=
W
136
the rate of work production
mechanical power
137
work divided by time over which the work was done
mechanical power
138
P=
w/t
139
the capacity to do work
mechanical energy
140
how many forms of energy are there
3
141
what are the 3 kinds of energy
kinetic, potential, thermal
142
energy of motion
kinetic energy
143
1/2mv^2
KE
144
energy by virtue of a body's position or configuration
potential energy
145
(wt)(ht)=
PE
146
capacity to do work by virtue of a deformed body to return to its original shape
strain energy
147
when gravity is the only ating external force, a body's mechanical energy remains constant
law of conservation of mechanical energy
148
KE+PE=
C (constant)
149
the work of a force is equal to the change in energy that is produces in the object acted upon
principle of work and energy
150
delta KE + delta PE + delta TE (thermal)=
W
