Exam 1 (Ch.1-4) Flashcards
1
Q
Analyzing of the mechanical aspect of living organisms
A
Biomechanics
2
Q
study of systems in constant motion (including zero)
A
Statics
3
Q
study of systems subject to acceleration
A
dynamics
4
Q
study of the appearance of description of motion
A
kinematics (form or technique)
5
Q
study of the action of forces
A
kinetics
6
Q
pertaining to quality
A
qualitative (strong, skillful, agile, flexible, fast, etc)
7
Q
involving number
A
quantitative (3 seconds, 50 turns, 2 players, etc)
8
Q
Most common form of movement
A
General movement
9
Q
combination of linear and angular movement
A
general movement
10
Q
movement along a line
A
linear motion
11
Q
motion along a straight line
A
rectilinear
12
Q
motion along a curved line
A
curvilinear
13
Q
type of movement involving rotation around an axis
A
angular movement
14
Q
movements are _____ to the planes they occur in
A
parallel
15
Q
Body or portion of body chosen by the analyst
A
mechanical system (throwing arm, kicking leg, full body in jump)
16
Q
toward the surface of the body
A
superficial
17
Q
closer to the head
A
superior
18
Q
closer to the trunk
A
proximal
19
Q
inside body away from surface
A
deep
20
Q
toward the midline of the body
A
medial
21
Q
toward the front of the body
A
anterior
22
Q
away from the trunk
A
distal
23
Q
farther away from the head
A
inferior
24
Q
away from the midline of the body
A
lateral
25
plane where forward backward movements occur
sagittal (anteroposterior) plane
26
plane where flexion/extension/hyperextension occurs
sagittal (anteroposterior) plane
27
plane where dorsiflexion/plantar flexion occurs
sagittal (anteroposterior) plane
28
plane where lateral movements occur
frontal (coronal) plane
29
plane where abduction/adduction occurs
frontal (coronal) plane
30
plane where lateral flexion occurs
frontal (coronal) plane
31
plane where radial/ulnar flexion occurs
frontal (coronal) plane
32
plane where elevation/depression occurs
frontal (coronal) plane
33
plane where inversion/eversion occurs
frontal (coronal) plane
34
plane where rotational movements occur
transverse (horizontal) plane
35
plane where medial/lateral rotation occurs
transverse (horizontal) plane
36
plane were pronation/supination occurs
transverse (horizontal) plane
37
plane here horizontal adduction/abduction occurs
transverse (horizontal) plane
38
vertical axis where rotation occurs
longitudinal axis
39
axis of a ballerina's pirouette
longitudinal axis
40
axis where rotations in the frontal plane occur
anteroposterior axis (sagittal-horizontal)
41
axis around which a cartwheel occurs
anteroposterior axis (sagittal-horizontal)
42
axis where rotation in the sagittal plane occur
mediolateral axis (frontal- horizontal)
43
axis in which a summersault would occur
mediolateral axis (frontal-horizontal)
44
movement of x+, y+
up and forward
45
movement of x+, y-
down and forward
46
movement of x-, y-
down and backwards
47
movement of x-, y+
up and backwards
48
How many parts to a qualitative analysis
5
49
qualitive analysis
1. what is the OPO?
2. breakdown into phases
3. question of interest
4. describe phase
5. movement of interest
1. question of interest
2. movement of interest
3. what is the overall performance objective of movement (OPO, purpose of movement, any restrictions?)
4. Breakdown the movement into phases and sub phases
5. describe the phases (critical events, movement technique)
50
Natural property of a body to resist a change in it's natural state of motion (seatbelt)
inertia
51
Quantity of matter of which a body is composed
mass
52
more mass= ____ force to move
more
53
mass is a direct measure of a body's resistance to change in _____ motion
linear
54
Force=____ x _______
mass x acceleration
55
Effect of one body on another, what is needed to change the state of motion of an object
Force= Newtons (N)
56
Rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time
Acceleration
57
describes the change in state of motion of an object
acceleration
58
force that determine net effect of all acting forces on a body
net force
59
point around which the body's weight is equally balanced
center of gravity (center of mass)
60
amount of gravitational force exerted on a body
weight
61
mass x acceleration of gravity
weight
62
force of attraction between object and earth
weight (not constant)
63
force per unit of area over which the force acts
pressure
64
force/area
pressure / stress
65
force distribution of a fluid
pressure
66
amount of space occupied by a body
volume
67
mass per unit of volume
density
68
mass/volume
density (p)
69
weight per unit of volume
specific weight
70
weight = ____
mass
71
specific weight is proportional to _____
density
72
rotary effect of force
torque
73
force producing translation (through center of object)
centric force
74
force producing translation and rotation (through a point not the center)
eccentric force
75
greater torque at the axis of rotation=____ tendency to rotate
greater
76
product of force and time over which force acts
impulse
77
Force x Time=
Impulse
78
pressing or squeezing force directed axially through body
compression
79
pulling or stretching force directs axially through body
tension
80
force directed parallel to a surface
shear
81
force per unit of area over which the force acts
stress
82
force distribution of a solid
stress
83
asymmetric loading that produces tension on one side of a body's longitudinal axis and compression on the other side
bending
84
load production twisting of a body around its longitudinal axis
torsion
85
change in shape
deformation
86
repeated subacute load, usually at a low magnitude
repetitive loading
87
single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to a biological tissue
acute loading
88
4 building blocks of bone
calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, water
89
primary determiners of compressive strength in bone
calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
90
protein the provides flexibility and contributes to tensile strength
collagen
91
makes of 25-30% bone weight
water
92
stress/strain in a loaded material
stiffness
93
stress/ amount of change in shape
stiffness
94
ability to resist pushing or stretching
compressive strength
95
ability to resist pulling or stretching
tensile strength
96
amount of bone volume filled with pores cavities
bone porosity
97
bone that handles more stress, less strain
cortical
98
compact mineralized bone with low porosity
cortical
99
bone found in the shafts of long bones
cortical
100
bone that handles more strain
trabecular
101
spongy bone
trabecular
102
less compact bone with high porosity
trabecular
103
bone found in the end of long bones and vertebrae
trabecular
104
different strength and stiffness depending on the direction of the load
anisotropic
105
bones are strongest in resisting _____
compression
106
bones are weakest in resisting ____
shear
107
skull, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs make up what skeletal system
axial
108
bones of the body's appendages make up what skeletal system
appendicular
109
cubical bones including carpals and tarsals
short bones
110
bones that protect against organs and provides surfaces for muscles attachments
flat bones
111
bones that are different shapes to provide different functions
irregular bones
112
bones that form the framework of the appendicular skeleton
long bones
113
where new bones cells are produces
epiphyses or epiphyseal plate
114
cells that build new tissue
osteoblasts
115
cells that reabsorb tissue
osteoclasts
116
builds new bone layers on old ones
periosteum
117
what promotes bone density
weight bearing exercises, stairs/jumping, low alcohol and caffeine, no smoking
118
disorder involving decreased bone mass and strength
osteoporosis
119
type I osteoporosis
post menopausal
120
type I osteoporosis (post menopausal) affects ___% of women over ____ years of age
40%, 50 years
121
Type II osteoporosis
age-associated
122
Type II osteoporosis (age-associated) affects most men and women over the age of ____
70 years
123
Female Triad includes what 3 areas
menstrual disturbance, energy deficiency, low bone mass
124
prevention of osteoporosis
postmenopausal hormone replacement, adequate calcium and vitamin D, and avoid smoking, excessive protein, caffeine, and alcohol
125
disruption in continuity of the bone
fracture
126
type of fracture that take part of the bone with the tendon
avursion
127
fracture where bone ends remain within the surrounding soft tissue
simple fracture
128
fracture where one or both ends protrude from skin
compound fracture
129
fatigue fracture
stress fracture
130
fracture caused from repetitive loading of low magnitude
stress or fatigue fracture
131
disruption of blood supply to apophysis, tissue necrosis, deformation epiphysis
osteochondrosis
