Exam 1 (Ch.1-4)

Question 1

Analyzing of the mechanical aspect of living organisms

Answer 1

Biomechanics

Question 2

study of systems in constant motion (including zero)

Answer 2

Statics

Question 3

study of systems subject to acceleration

Answer 3

dynamics

Question 4

study of the appearance of description of motion

Answer 4

kinematics (form or technique)

Question 5

study of the action of forces

Answer 5

kinetics

Question 6

pertaining to quality

Answer 6

qualitative (strong, skillful, agile, flexible, fast, etc)

Question 7

involving number

Answer 7

quantitative (3 seconds, 50 turns, 2 players, etc)

Question 8

Most common form of movement

Answer 8

General movement

Question 9

combination of linear and angular movement

Answer 9

general movement

Question 10

movement along a line

Answer 10

linear motion

Question 11

motion along a straight line

Answer 11

rectilinear

Question 12

motion along a curved line

Answer 12

curvilinear

Question 13

type of movement involving rotation around an axis

Answer 13

angular movement

Question 14

movements are _____ to the planes they occur in

Answer 14

parallel

Question 15

Body or portion of body chosen by the analyst

Answer 15

mechanical system (throwing arm, kicking leg, full body in jump)

Question 16

toward the surface of the body

Answer 16

superficial

Question 17

closer to the head

Answer 17

superior

Question 18

closer to the trunk

Answer 18

proximal

Question 19

inside body away from surface

Answer 19

deep

Question 20

toward the midline of the body

Answer 20

medial

Question 21

toward the front of the body

Answer 21

anterior

Question 22

away from the trunk

Answer 22

distal

Question 23

farther away from the head

Answer 23

inferior

Question 24

away from the midline of the body

Answer 24

lateral

Question 25

plane where forward backward movements occur

Answer 25

sagittal (anteroposterior) plane

Question 26

plane where flexion/extension/hyperextension occurs

Answer 26

sagittal (anteroposterior) plane

Question 27

plane where dorsiflexion/plantar flexion occurs

Answer 27

sagittal (anteroposterior) plane

Question 28

plane where lateral movements occur

Answer 28

frontal (coronal) plane

Question 29

plane where abduction/adduction occurs

Answer 29

frontal (coronal) plane

Question 30

plane where lateral flexion occurs

Answer 30

frontal (coronal) plane

Question 31

plane where radial/ulnar flexion occurs

Answer 31

frontal (coronal) plane

Question 32

plane where elevation/depression occurs

Answer 32

frontal (coronal) plane

Question 33

plane where inversion/eversion occurs

Answer 33

frontal (coronal) plane

Question 34

plane where rotational movements occur

Answer 34

transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 35

plane where medial/lateral rotation occurs

Answer 35

transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 36

plane were pronation/supination occurs

Answer 36

transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 37

plane here horizontal adduction/abduction occurs

Answer 37

transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 38

vertical axis where rotation occurs

Answer 38

longitudinal axis

Question 39

axis of a ballerina’s pirouette

Answer 39

longitudinal axis

Question 40

axis where rotations in the frontal plane occur

Answer 40

anteroposterior axis (sagittal-horizontal)

Question 41

axis around which a cartwheel occurs

Answer 41

anteroposterior axis (sagittal-horizontal)

Question 42

axis where rotation in the sagittal plane occur

Answer 42

mediolateral axis (frontal- horizontal)

Question 43

axis in which a summersault would occur

Answer 43

mediolateral axis (frontal-horizontal)

Question 44

movement of x+, y+

Answer 44

up and forward

Question 45

movement of x+, y-

Answer 45

down and forward

Question 46

movement of x-, y-

Answer 46

down and backwards

Question 47

movement of x-, y+

Answer 47

up and backwards

Question 48

How many parts to a qualitative analysis

Answer 48

5

Question 49

qualitive analysis

1. what is the OPO?
2. breakdown into phases
3. question of interest
4. describe phase
5. movement of interest

Answer 49

1. question of interest
2. movement of interest
3. what is the overall performance objective of movement (OPO, purpose of movement, any restrictions?)
4. Breakdown the movement into phases and sub phases
5. describe the phases (critical events, movement technique)

Question 50

Natural property of a body to resist a change in it’s natural state of motion (seatbelt)

Answer 50

inertia

Question 51

Quantity of matter of which a body is composed

Answer 51

mass

Question 52

more mass= ____ force to move

Answer 52

more

Question 53

mass is a direct measure of a body’s resistance to change in _____ motion

Answer 53

linear

Question 54

Force=____ x _______

Answer 54

mass x acceleration

Question 55

Effect of one body on another, what is needed to change the state of motion of an object

Answer 55

Force= Newtons (N)

Question 56

Rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time

Answer 56

Acceleration

Question 57

describes the change in state of motion of an object

Answer 57

acceleration

Question 58

force that determine net effect of all acting forces on a body

Answer 58

net force

Question 59

point around which the body’s weight is equally balanced

Answer 59

center of gravity (center of mass)

Question 60

amount of gravitational force exerted on a body

Answer 60

weight

Question 61

mass x acceleration of gravity

Answer 61

weight

Question 62

force of attraction between object and earth

Answer 62

weight (not constant)

Question 63

force per unit of area over which the force acts

Answer 63

pressure

Question 64

force/area

Answer 64

pressure / stress

Question 65

force distribution of a fluid

Answer 65

pressure

Question 66

amount of space occupied by a body

Answer 66

volume

Question 67

mass per unit of volume

Answer 67

density

Question 68

mass/volume

Answer 68

density (p)

Question 69

weight per unit of volume

Answer 69

specific weight

Question 70

weight = ____

Answer 70

mass

Question 71

specific weight is proportional to _____

Answer 71

density

Question 72

rotary effect of force

Answer 72

torque

Question 73

force producing translation (through center of object)

Answer 73

centric force

Question 74

force producing translation and rotation (through a point not the center)

Answer 74

eccentric force

Question 75

greater torque at the axis of rotation=____ tendency to rotate

Answer 75

greater

Question 76

product of force and time over which force acts

Answer 76

impulse

Question 77

Force x Time=

Answer 77

Impulse

Question 78

pressing or squeezing force directed axially through body

Answer 78

compression

Question 79

pulling or stretching force directs axially through body

Answer 79

tension

Question 80

force directed parallel to a surface

Answer 80

shear

Question 81

force per unit of area over which the force acts

Answer 81

stress

Question 82

force distribution of a solid

Answer 82

stress

Question 83

asymmetric loading that produces tension on one side of a body’s longitudinal axis and compression on the other side

Answer 83

bending

Question 84

load production twisting of a body around its longitudinal axis

Answer 84

torsion

Question 85

change in shape

Answer 85

deformation

Question 86

repeated subacute load, usually at a low magnitude

Answer 86

repetitive loading

Question 87

single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to a biological tissue

Answer 87

acute loading

Question 88

4 building blocks of bone

Answer 88

calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, water

Question 89

primary determiners of compressive strength in bone

Answer 89

calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

Question 90

protein the provides flexibility and contributes to tensile strength

Answer 90

collagen

Question 91

makes of 25-30% bone weight

Answer 91

water

Question 92

stress/strain in a loaded material

Answer 92

stiffness

Question 93

stress/ amount of change in shape

Answer 93

stiffness

Question 94

ability to resist pushing or stretching

Answer 94

compressive strength

Question 95

ability to resist pulling or stretching

Answer 95

tensile strength

Question 96

amount of bone volume filled with pores cavities

Answer 96

bone porosity

Question 97

bone that handles more stress, less strain

Answer 97

cortical

Question 98

compact mineralized bone with low porosity

Answer 98

cortical

Question 99

bone found in the shafts of long bones

Answer 99

cortical

Question 100

bone that handles more strain

Answer 100

trabecular

Question 101

spongy bone

Answer 101

trabecular

Question 102

less compact bone with high porosity

Answer 102

trabecular

Question 103

bone found in the end of long bones and vertebrae

Answer 103

trabecular

Question 104

different strength and stiffness depending on the direction of the load

Answer 104

anisotropic

Question 105

bones are strongest in resisting _____

Answer 105

compression

Question 106

bones are weakest in resisting ____

Answer 106

shear

Question 107

skull, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs make up what skeletal system

Answer 107

axial

Question 108

bones of the body’s appendages make up what skeletal system

Answer 108

appendicular

Question 109

cubical bones including carpals and tarsals

Answer 109

short bones

Question 110

bones that protect against organs and provides surfaces for muscles attachments

Answer 110

flat bones

Question 111

bones that are different shapes to provide different functions

Answer 111

irregular bones

Question 112

bones that form the framework of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 112

long bones

Question 113

where new bones cells are produces

Answer 113

epiphyses or epiphyseal plate

Question 114

cells that build new tissue

Answer 114

osteoblasts

Question 115

cells that reabsorb tissue

Answer 115

osteoclasts

Question 116

builds new bone layers on old ones

Answer 116

periosteum

Question 117

what promotes bone density

Answer 117

weight bearing exercises, stairs/jumping, low alcohol and caffeine, no smoking

Question 118

disorder involving decreased bone mass and strength

Answer 118

osteoporosis

Question 119

type I osteoporosis

Answer 119

post menopausal

Question 120

type I osteoporosis (post menopausal) affects ___% of women over ____ years of age

Answer 120

40%, 50 years

Question 121

Type II osteoporosis

Answer 121

age-associated

Question 122

Type II osteoporosis (age-associated) affects most men and women over the age of ____

Answer 122

70 years

Question 123

Female Triad includes what 3 areas

Answer 123

menstrual disturbance, energy deficiency, low bone mass

Question 124

prevention of osteoporosis

Answer 124

postmenopausal hormone replacement, adequate calcium and vitamin D, and avoid smoking, excessive protein, caffeine, and alcohol

Question 125

disruption in continuity of the bone

Answer 125

fracture

Question 126

type of fracture that take part of the bone with the tendon

Answer 126

avursion

Question 127

fracture where bone ends remain within the surrounding soft tissue

Answer 127

simple fracture

Question 128

fracture where one or both ends protrude from skin

Answer 128

compound fracture

Question 129

fatigue fracture

Answer 129

stress fracture

Question 130

fracture caused from repetitive loading of low magnitude

Answer 130

stress or fatigue fracture

Question 131

disruption of blood supply to apophysis, tissue necrosis, deformation epiphysis

Answer 131

osteochondrosis