Exam 3 Flashcards
Which of the following is not a component of the homeostatic mechanism?
A. Receptor
B. Control center
C. Effector
D. All of the above are components
D. All of the above are components
Which of the following is not a way in which the endocrine system is regulated?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Nervous control
C. Changes in chemical concentration
D. All of the above regulate the endocrine system
D. All of the above regulate the endocrine system
Administration of a diuretic compound would lead to which of the following?
A. Decrease in blood pressure
B. Increase in blood pressure
C. Increased blood volume
D. Both A and C
E. Both B and C
A. Decrease in blood pressure
Which ofthe following hormones leads to an increase in blood calcium concentrations?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Thyroid hormoe
D. Melatonin
B. Parathyroid hormone
Which of the following leads to an increase in blood pressure without modifying blood volume?
A. Increased anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secretion
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Increased aldosterone secretion
D. Increased thirst
E. All of the above modify blood volume
B. Vasoconstriction
Which of the following would be expected with the release of the hormone aldosterone?
A. A decrease in glomerular filtration rate
B. A decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
C. A decrease in blood pressure
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
D. None of the above
The conversion of angiotensiongen I is mediated by which enzyme?
A. Phosphorylase
B. Protein kinase
C. Renin
D. Angiotensin converting enzyme
C. Renin
The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Nephron
B. Renal corpuscle
C. Renal tubule
D. Loop of Henle
A. Nephron
Which of the following hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
A. Aldosterone
B. Oxytocin
C. Anti-diuretic hormone
D. Both B and C
D. Both B and C
Which of the following locations is the site of cortisol secretion?
A. Adrenal medulla
B. Adrenal cortex
C. Thyroid gland
D. Kidney
B. Adrenal cortex
The hormone oxytocin exhibits which of the following types of regulation?
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Selective feedback
D. None of the above
A. Positive feedback
A deficiency of anti-diuretic hormone results in which of the following conditions?
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Hashimoto’s disease
D. Goiter
A. Diabetes insipidus
Hashimoto’s disease and Graves’ disease are autoimmune disorders that target which of the following glands?
A. Parathyroid gland
B. Thyroid gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Thymus gland
B. Thyroid gland
Decreased blood volume would result in which of the following?
A. Decreased aldosterone secretion
B. Decreased ADH secretion
C. Decreased blood pressure
D. Increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure
C. Decreased blood pressure
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the primary force for:
A, Tubular secretion
B. Glomerular filtration
C. Tubular absorption
D. Blood flow
B. Glomerular filtration
Which of the following hormones leads to an increase in blood pressure by increasing blood volume?
A. Aldosterone
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Eryhropoietin
D. Cortisol
A. Aldosterone
Which of the following disorders is due to a deficiency of growth hormone?
A. Pituitary gigantism
B. Pituitary dwarfism
C. Acromegaly
D. None of the above
B. Pituitary dwarfism
Which of the following hormones does not increase blood glucose concentrations?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Insulin
D. Thyroid hormone
C. Insulin
Which of the followign hormones leads to an increase in red blood cell production?
A. Cortisol
B. Growth Hormone
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Erythropoietin
D. Erythropoietin
An increase in blood pressure would cause which of the following?
A. A decrease in glomerlar filtration rate
B. An increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
C. A decrease in glomerlar hydrostatic pressure
D. Both A and C
B. An increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Which of the following hormones leads to maturation of the ovum and sperm, in the female and male systems?
A. Lutenizing hormone
B. Follicle stimulating hormone
C. Gonadotropin releasing hormone
D. Epinephrine
B. Follicle stimulating hormone
Which of the following statements is true in regards to the posterior pituitary gland?
A. Produces oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone
B. Stores hormones produced by the Hypothalamus
C. Is controlled bia hormones by the hypothalamus
D. All of the above are true
B. Stores hormones produced by the Hypothalamus
Angiontension I is converted to Angiotensin II via:
A. Angiotensin converting enzyme produced at the liver
B. Angiotensin converting enzyme produced at the lung
C. Renin produced at the kidneys
D. Renin produced at the liver
B. Angiotensin converting enzyme produced at the lung
The inability to control urination and defecation reflexes is known as:
A. Polyuria
B. Incontinence
C. Diuresis
D. None of the above
B. Incontinence
Which of the following is true of glomerular filtration?
A. Pressure at the capillaries is lower than the capsule
B. Pressure at the capillaries is equal to the capsule
C. Pressre at the capillaries is greater than the capsule
D. None of the above
C. Pressre at the capillaries is greater than the capsule
Tubular secretion predominatly occurs at the ____, while tubular reabsorption predominatly occurs at the ____.
A. Distal convoluted tubules; proximal convoluted tubules
B. Proximal convoluted tubules; distal convoluted tubules
C. Proximal convoluted tubules; peritubular capillaries
D. Descending loop of Henle; ascending loop of henle
A. Distal convoluted tubules; proximal convoluted tubules
Which of the following hormones is released from the adrenal medulla?
A. Norephinephrine
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol
D. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
The fluid that is moved from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule is known as:
A. Lymph
B. Filtrate
C. Urine
D. None of the above
B. Filtrate
Which of the following statements describes the steroid hormone machanisim of action?
A. Binds to a membrane receptor
B. Utilizes a second messenger
C. Phosporylates an inactive protein
D. Alters the rate of transcription
D. Alters the rate of transcription
Which is human growth hormone produced?
A. Anterior pituitary gland
B. Posterior pituitary gland
C. Hypothalamus
D. Adrenal Medulla
A. Anterior pituitary gland
During tubular reabsorption, which of the following compounds should be reabsorbed?
A. Glucose
B. Amino acids
C. Ions
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
Filtered blood leaves the glomerulus via the:
A. Afferent arteriole
B. Efferent arteriole
C. Renal Vein
D. None of the above
B. Efferent arteriole
Which of the following compounds is equired by the thyroid gland to prouce the thyroid hormones, T3 and T4?
A. Iodine
B. Calcium
C. Chloride
D. Potassium
A. Iodine
Which of the following statement is true regarding the urethra of males and females?
A. The urethra in males is longer than females
B. The urethra in females is longer is longer than males
C. The urethra in females and males is the same length
D. Non of the above
A. The urethra in males is longer than females
Urea is a by-product of ____ metabolism, where uric acid is a by-product of ____ metabolism.
A. Nucleic acid; protein
B. Protein; carbohydrate
C. Carbohydrate; protein
D. Protein; nuclei acid
D. Protein; nuclei acid
The renal medulla is primarily composed of structures known as:
A. Renal pyramids
B. Renal columns
C. Minor calyx
D. Major calyx
A. Renal pyramids
Which of the following statements is true?
A. An increase in water secretion, leads to an increase in blood volume
B. An increase in sodium secretion, leads to a decrease in blood pressure
C. An increase in sodium absorption, leads to a decrease in blood volume
D. An increase in water absorption, leads to a decrease in blood colume
E. None of the above
B. An increase in sodium secretion, leads to a decrease in blood pressure
Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
A. Prolaction
B. Thyroid stimulating hormone
C. Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
D. Follicle stimulating hormone
E. All of the above are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
E. All of the above are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
The pineal gland produces the hormone ____?
A. Melatonin
B. Calcitonin
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Oxytocin
A. Melatonin
Insulin is produced by the ____ and glucagon is produced by the ____ of the pancreas.
A. alpha cells; gamma cells
B. beta cells; alpha cells
C. beta cells; gamma cells
D. alpha cells; beta cells
B. beta cells; alpha cells
The renal columns are etension from the ____ into the ____.
A. renal medulla; renal cortex
B. Renal cortex; renal capsule
C. renal medulla; renal pelvis
D. Renal cortex; renal medulla
D. Renal cortex; renal medulla
Which of the following best represents the path of urine flow through the kidney?
A. Collecting duct; major calyx; minor calyx; renal pelvis; ureter
B. Minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; collecting duct; ureter
C. Collecting duct; minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; ureter
D. Ureter; minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; collecting duct
C. Collecting duct; minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; ureter
Which of the following is the second messenger for non-steroid hormones?
A. cyclic GMP
B. Protein kinases
C. cyclic AMP
D. Adenylate cyclase
C. cyclic AMP
Which of the following describes non-steroid hormones?
A. Binds directly to DNA
B. Is lipid soluble
C. Activates an inactive protein
D. Can move freely past the cell membrane
C. Activates an inactive protein
Which of the following characteristics does not describe a hormone?
A. Required in small amounts
B. Has long lasting effects
C. Targes are not specific
D. Predominatly regulated by negative feedback
C. Targes are not specific
Which of the following is not a target site for the hormone parathyroid hormone?
A. Osteoclasts at bone
B. Intestinal mucosa
C. Proximal convoluted tubules at the kidney
D. All of the above are target sites
D. All of the above are target sites
What is the target site of oxytocin?
A. Smooth muscle at the lungs
B. Smooth muscle at the uterus
C. Smooth muscle at blood vessels
D. Smooth muscle at the urinary bladder
B. Smooth muscle at the uterus
Which hormone is responsible for ovvulation in the females and tesosterone production in the males?
A. Lutenizing hormone
B. Follicle stimulating hormone
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone
A. Lutenizing hormone
Which of the following hormones-production site pairs is inncorrect?
A. Atrial natriuretic hormone - Heart
B. Erythropoeitin - Kidney
C. Progesterone - Ovary
D. Estrogen - Ovary
C. Progesterone - Ovary
A ____ affects all individuals the same, whereas a ____ affects only the indvidiual.
A. Physical stress; physiological stress
B. Physiological stress; physical stress
C. Physiological stress; alarm stage
D. Physical stress; resistance stage
A. Physical stress; physiological stress
