Exam 2 Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of a paired cartilage found at the larynx?
A.Thryoid Cartilage
B. Cuneiform Cartilage
C. Epiglottic Cartilage
D. Cricoid Cartilage
E. None of the above
B. Cuneiform Cartilage
Which of the following best describes the pathway that air travels thorugh the respiratory system?
A. Nasal cavity, pharynx,larynx, esophagus, primary bronchi
B. Nasal cavitym pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi
C. Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Primary Bronchi
D. Nasal Cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, secondary bronchi
C. Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Primary Bronchi
Which of the following groups is associated with the pons?
A. Pontine Respiratory Group
B. Doral respiratory Group
C. Ventral respiratory Group
D. All of the above.
A. Pontine Respiratory Group
Which of the following best describes the anitbody IgG?
A. Promotes an allergic reaction via the release of histamine.
B. Involved with incompatible blood transfusions
C. Found of the surface of most B-lymphocytes and acts in B-cell activation
D. Crosses the placental membrane
E. None of the above
D. Crosses the placental membrane
The spleen is composed of ____ which contains lymphocytes around a blood vessel and ___ which contain many sinuses
A. white Pulp, red Pulp
B. red pulp; white pulp
C. cortex; medulla
D. medulla; cortex
A. white Pulp; red Pulp
The movement of oxygen into tissue of the body from a capillary is seen during:
A. external respiration.
B. internal Respiration.
C. cellular rspiration.
D. pulmonary ventilation
B. internal Respiration.
Which of the following best describes external respiration?
A.Partial pressure of oxygen is lower in the capillaries than the tissue
B. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher in the capillaries than the tissue
C.Partial pressure of oxygen is higher
D. Both A and B
E. All of the above describe external respiration
E. All of the above describe external respiration
Which of the following is not true of the lymphatic system?
A. Use valves to ensure flow in one direction
B. Is closed system
C. carry fluid under low pressure
D. All of the above are true of the Lymphatic system
B. Is closed system
which cytokine is responsible for activating T-Cells, increases secretion of cytokines and leads to fever?
A. Colony-stimulating factors
B. Interferons
C. Interlukin-1
D. Interlukin-2
C. Interlukin-1
Which of the following describes inspiration?
A. Atmospheric pressure is lower than thoacic cavity (lungs) pressure.
B. The diaphragm contracts increasing the size of the thoracic cavity
C. Recoil of the membranes to their original position
D. Relaxation of the external intercostals muscles.
B. The diaphragm contracts increasing the size of the thoracic cavity
___ represents the site of gas exchange, while ___ are responsible for the production of surfactant
A. Type II Alveolar cells; Type I Alveolar cells
B. Type I Alveolar cells; Type I Alveolar cells
C.Type I Alveolar Cells; Type II Alveolar Cells
D. None of the above are correct
C.Type I Alveolar Cells; Type II Alveolar Cells
Vital capacity is defined as the:
A. volume that can be inhaled during forced breathing
B. Maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs
C. volume moved in or out of lungs during a normal respiratory cycle
D. None of the above
B.Maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs
Which of the following does not describes a lymph node?
A. Production of T-lymphocytes
B, Filtering of lymph to remove foreign debris
C. Composed of a cortex and medulla
D. All of the above
A. Production of T-lumphocytes
Which of the following is commonly known as the body’s “First line of defense?”
A. Mechanical Barriers
B. Fever
C. T and B- lymphocytes
D. Chemical barriers
A. Mechanical Barriers
Carbon dioxide is predominantly transported in which form?
A. Bircarbonate ions
B. Carbaminohemoglobin
C. Dissolved carbon dioxide
D. None of the above.
A. Bircarbonate ions
Which of the following antibodies is secreted from exocrine glands, such as the mammary glands?
A . IgA
B. IgE
C.IgM
D. IgG
A . IgA
Boyle’s Law states:
A. each gas ina mixture of gases exerts it own pressure as if no other gases were present.
B. the volume of gas is proportional to its pressure
C. The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
D. None of the above.
C. The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
The accumulation of excess fluid leading to swelling is known as:
A. lymph
B. edema
C. osmotic pressure
D. GALT
B. Edema
Which of the following types of T-Celss primarily serves as an antigen-presenting cells leading to the activation of B-Cells
A. Helper T-Cells
B. Cytotoxic T-cells
C. Memory T-cells
D. Natural Killers cells
A. Helper T-Cells
Which of the following is not a suggested cause of autoimmune disorders?
A. faulty T-Cell development
B. Reaction to a non self antigen that is similar in structure to a self antigen
C.previous viral infection
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
faulty T-Cell development
Reaction to a non self antigen that is similar in structure to a self antigen
previous viral infection
Which of the following terms represents a disease state chracterized by pulmonary edmea?
A. Pleurisy
B. Pneumonia
C. Apnea
D.Dyspnea
B. Pneumonia
Which of the following terms descrives how easily lung tissue strecthces during pulmonary ventialtion?
A. Compliance
B. Surfactacnt
C. Surface tension
D. None of the above
A. Compliance
Which of the following decreases the rate of diffusion during gas exchange?
A. Steep partial pressure gradient
B. Increased surfaced area.
C. long distance to travel
D. Increased gas solubility
E. All of the above
C. long distance to travel
The production of carbon dioxide from carbonic acid occurs dring which of the following?
A. Internal respiration
B . External Respiration
C. Cellular respiraton
D. Pulmonary ventilation
B . External Respiration
The ___ prevents food/liquid from entering the larynx while the ____ is a small opening which allows for movement of air through the larynx
A. epiglottis; pharynx
B. glottis; epiglottis
C. epiglottis; glottis
D. epiglottis; true vocal cords
C. epiglottis; glottis
The chloride ion shift occurs to maintain ionic balance due to the movement of which other ion?
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Bicarbonate
D. Bicarbonate
During expiration:
A. atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure inside the thoracic cavity (alveoli)
B. the diaphragm contracts
C. external intercostal muscle relax, decreasing the volume
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C
C. external intercostal muscle relax, decreasing the volume
The production of T-lymphocytes occur at the ___ while the production of B-lymphocytes occur at the ___
A. thymus gland; lymph node
B. Thymus gland; bone marrow
C. bone marrow; lymph node
D. bone marrow; thymus gland
B. Thymus gland; bone marrow
A compound composed of lipids that decreases surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse is:
A. pressure
B. surface tension
C. surfactant
D. carbonic anhydrase
C. surfactant
Which of the following does not describe external respiration?
A. Partial pressure of carbon dixoide is high in the capillary.
B. Partial pressure of oxygen is high in the capillary
C. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide is low in the alevoli
D. Both A and B
E. All of the above
B. partial pressure of oxygen is high in the capillary
Sites whre cells perform an immune response are known as:
A. primary organs
B. secondary Organs
C. tertiary organs
D. None of the above.
B. secondary Organs
which of the followin statements is true of expiration?
A. Diaphragm relaxes
B. External intercostal muscles relax
C. Atmospheric pressure is lower than pressure in the thoracic cavity (lungs)
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Diaphragm relaxes
External intercostal muscles relax
Atmospheric pressure is lower than pressure in the thoracic cavity (lungs)
Which of the following describes when an individual encounters a pathogen and leads to the production of antibodies?
A. Naturally acquired active immunity
B, Naturally acquired passive immunity
C. Artificailly acquired passive immunity
D. Artificailly acquired active immunity
A. Naturally acquired active immunity
For blood entering the left atrium, which of the following is ture?
A. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is high
B.The partial pressure of the carbon dioxide is low
C. The partial pressure of oxygen is high
D. both B and C
D. both B and C
The partial pressure of the carbon dioxide is low
the partial pressure of oxygen is high
Which of the following is the expected value for inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?
A. 1100 ml
B. 3000 ml
C. 3100 ml
D. 3300 ml
B. 3000 ml
What would the vital capacity be for an individual who ahd an expiratory resevr volume of 1300 ml and all other volumes were as expected?
A. 4100 ml
B. 4400 ml
C. 4600 ml
D. 4800 ml
D. 4800 ml
Which of the following is true of the thymus?
A. Site of T-cell maturation and proliferation
B. Is classified as a primary organ
C. Atrophies after puberty
D. Both A and C
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following statements describes a primary immune response?
A. Provide a fast response.
B. Provides a relatively weak response
C. Provides a strong response.
D. Both A and C
B. Provides a relatively weak response
Which of the following is not associated with inflammation?
A. Redness
B.Heat
C. Swelling
D. Pain
E. All of the above
A. Redness
B.Heat
C. Swelling
D. Pain
E. All of the above
Which of the following represent the activity during external respiration?
A. CO2+H2O –> H2CO3 –> H++HC3-
B. H++HC3- –>H2CO3 –> CO2 + H2O
C. Bicarbonate ion move into the plasma
D. Chloride ion moves to the red blood cell
E. More than one above is correct
B. H++HC3- –>H2CO3 –> CO2 + H2O
Which of the following best demonstrates the pathway of the lymphatic system?
A. Afferent lymphatic vessels, lymphatic capillaries, lymph nodes, efferent lymphatic vessels
B. Efferent lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, afferent lymphatic vessels, lymphatic capillaries
C. Lymphatic capillaries, efferent lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, afferent lymphatic vessels
D. Lymphatic capillaries, afferent lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, efferent lymphatic vessels
D. Lymphatic capillaries, afferent lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, efferent lymphatic vessels
Which area of the lymph node contains both T-Cells and macrophages?
A. Medulla
B. Pons
C. Cortex
D. Thoracic duct
A. Medulla
The maximum amount of air that can be moved into the lungs after idal volume is known as the :
A. Tidal Volume
B. Inspiratory reserve Volume
C. Expiratory Reserve Volume
D. Residual Volume
B. Inspiratory reserve Volume
Which of the following would cause a decrease in resiration rate?
A. High blood oxygen concentrations
B. High carbon dioxide concentrations
C. High hydrogen ion concentrations
D. all of the above
A. High blood oxygen concentrations
Dalton Laws states:
A. the volume of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
B. the volume of gas is proportional to its pressure
C. cellular respiration is an aerobic process that creates pressure gradients
D. each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present
D. each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present
Which of the following describes a fetus recieiving IgG from the mother?
A. Naturally acquired active immunity
B. Naturally acquired passive immunity
C. Artificially acquired passive immunity
D. Artificially acquired active immunity
B. Naturally acquired passive immunity
The point where the trachea splits into the right and left primary bronchi is the :
A. epiglottis
B. Carina
C. glottis
D. nasal conchae
B. Carina
___ resistance targets specific pathogen antigens whreas ____ resistance works regardless of the pathogen
A. Innate; adaptive
B. Adaptive; Innate
C. Adaptive; specific
D. Non-specific; innate
B. Adaptive; Innate
Which of the following is responsible for draining the majority of thebodys lymph fluid?
A. Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct
B. Right lymphatic duct
C. Efferent lymphatic vessel
D. Lymphatic capillaries
A. Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct
Pulmonary ventilation utilizes ___ while external and internal respiration utilize ____
A. Dalton’s Law; Boyle’s Law
B. Henry’s Law; Dalton’s Law
C. Boyle’s Law; Dalton’ Law
D. Boyle’s Law; Henry’s Law
C. Boyle’s Law; Dalton’ Law
