exam 3 Flashcards
machismo
a value system that stresses men’s dominance, honor, virility, and violence
chain/shuttle/revolving door migration
Chain Migration: Movement in which prospective migrants learn of opportunities, are provided with transportation, and have initial accommodation and employment arranged by means of primary social relationships with previous migrants.
repatriation
A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.
border patrol & “illegal alien”
- established to prevent illegal immigration (La migra)
a foreigner who has entered or resides in a country unlawfully or without the country’s authorization.
Mexican repatriation act
The Mexican Repatriation Act was a mass deportation of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans between 1929 and 1936.
bracero program
permit men as contract laborers, usually employed in agriculture and other areas requiring unskilled labor, to work in the united states for a limited time
US government program that encouraged Mexican immigration between 1942 and 1964.
operation wetback
federal authorities deported almost four million mexicans; 1950s
raids on mexican american homes and businesses were common
marielitos
Marielitos is the name given to the Cuban immigrants that left Cuba from the Port of Mariel in 1980
quran
holy book of islam
refugees vs asylees
A refugee is a person outside his or her country of nationality who is unable or unwilling to return to his or her country of nationality because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion
An asylee is a person who meets the definition of refugee and is already present in the United States or is seeking admission at a port of entry
jihad
holy war;
NSEERS
national security entry-exit registration system;
The National Security Entry-Exit Registration System (NSEERS) or INS Special Registration was a system for registering certain non-citizens within the United States, initiated in September 2002 as part of the War on Terrorism
islamophobia
Islamophobia is the fear of, hatred of, or prejudice against the religion of Islam or Muslims in general, especially when seen as a geopolitical force or the source of terrorism.
jihad
holy war; A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal
sex vs gender
sex is biological; gender is the predetermined roles for men and women in the community
patriarchy
A form of social organization in which males dominate females
intersectionality
the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage.
gender socialization
the learning of gender roles through social factors such as schooling, the media, and family
double-binds
a situation in which a person is confronted with two irreconcilable demands or a choice between two undesirable courses of action
objectification
the seeing and/or treating a person, usually a woman, as an object
fast track vs mommy track
Fast Track: a route or course that provides for more rapid results than usual
Mommy Track: a career path for women who opt to sacrifice promotions and pay raises in order to devote more time to raising their children
glass ceiling vs glass escalator
Glass Ceiling: an unofficially acknowledged barrier to advancement in a profession, especially affecting women and members of minorities.
Glass Escalator:refers to the way men, namely heterosexual white men, are put on a fast track to advanced positions when entering primarily female-dominated professions
Homosocial reproduction
The tendency of male elites to select candidates for advancement who are most like themselves
pink collar occupations
relatively low-paying, non manual, semiskilled positions primarily held by women
wage gap
the level of women’s income relative to that of men
equal pay act of 1963
Legislation that requires employers to pay men and women equal pay for equal work
equal rights amendment
constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender
sexual identity/sexual orientation
Sexual Identity: an individuals conception of themselves
Sexual Orientation: referring to romantic or sexual attraction
coming out
the process of revealing one’s gay sexual orientation to the significant people in one’s life
heterosexism/heteronormativity
Heterosexism: discrimination or prejudice against gay people on the assumption that heterosexuality is the normal sexual orientation
Heternormativity:i s the belief that heterosexuality, predicated on the gender binary, is the default, preferred, or normal mode of sexual orientation
homophobia
fear of and prejudice against homosexuality
criminalization/medicalization
Criminalization: the action of turning an activity into a criminal offense by making it illegal.
Medicalization: is the process by which human conditions and problems come to be defined and treated as medical conditions, and thus become the subject of medical study, diagnosis, prevention, or treatment.
gay liberation movement
In the 1970s, homosexuals began an effort to win social and legal acceptance and to encourage gays to affirm their sexual identity. Despite some advances, the movement was slowed by the onset of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and the insistence of the military on banning openly gay individuals from the armed services.
stonewall rebellion
Uprising in support of equal rights for gay people sparked by an assault by off-duty police officers at a gay bar in New York. The rebellion led to rise in activism and militancy within the gay community and furthered the sexual revolution of the late 1960s.
don’t ask/don’t tell
Under Clinton administration. Concerns allowing gays into military but forbids begin openly homosexual.
defense of marriage act
1996, Declares that states are not obligated to recognize any same sex marriages that might not be legally sanctioned in other states, defined marriage and spouse in heterosexual terms for federal law
