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Bio 142 - Summer > Exam 26 Flashcards > Flashcards

Exam 26 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

An increase in the BCOP will ____________ the glomerular filtration rate

A

Decrease

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2
Q

“Cystitis” refers to inflammation of the

A

Bladder

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3
Q

Filtration occurs at the

A

Bowman’s capsule

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4
Q

Location of podocytes

A

Glomerular visceral epithelium

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5
Q

Most reabsorption occurs in the

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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6
Q

Narrowing of the afferent glomerular arteriole will result in the ________ of systemic blood pressure

A

Increase

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7
Q

Secretion occurs mostly in the

A

Distal convoluted tuble

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8
Q

The counter current multiplication system uses

A
  • The hyperosmotic renal medulla
  • Sodium pumps of the ascending limb of the loop of henle
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons
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9
Q

The countercurrent multiplication process

A
  • Allows concentration of urine
  • Occurs in the loop of henle
  • Involves osmosis and sodium transport
  • Uses the vasa recta
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10
Q

The fluid in the bowman’s space is

A

Filtrate

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11
Q

The fluid in the collecting duct is

A

Urine

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12
Q

The juxtaglomerular cells produce

A

Erythropoietin

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13
Q

Urine exits the kidney into the ureter from the

A

Renal pelvis

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14
Q

Which of the following is normally found in the urine?

A
  • Bilirubin
  • Urea
  • Ammonia
  • Phosphates
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15
Q

You are drinking liters of water for a lab experiment. Your urine is very diluted, also termed:

A

Hyposthenuric

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16
Q

Men have more problems with kidney stones than women due to their:

A

Longer and narrower urethra

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17
Q

Renal threshold of a substance has been passed when

A
  • The transport maximum is exceeded
  • Carrier proteins have be saturated
  • Spillover of the substance into the urine occurs
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18
Q

Sympathetic nervous stimulation will cause vasoconstriction of the ___________ ___________ after a massive blood loss

A

afferent arteriole

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19
Q

The detrusor muscle is

A

Smooth muscle

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20
Q

The fluid in the glomerulus is

A

Blood

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21
Q

The macula densa is part of the

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

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22
Q

What is unique (only found in) the urinary system

A

Transitional epithelium

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23
Q

Which is more concentrated? Fluid in the:

A

Loop of Henle

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24
Q

Which is not normally found in high amount in normal urine sample?
- Protein
- Glucose
- White blood cells
- Red blood cells

A

None of the above

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25
Q

Which of the following is true?
- The kidneys lie outside of the peritoneal cavity
- Left kidney is higher than the right
- The kidney has a tough fibrous capsule

A

All of the above

26
Q

A glomerulus is

A

A knot of capillaries within the renal capsule

27
Q

A drug that inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to which of the below

  • Less secretion of aldosterone
  • Increase urinary loss of sodium
  • Reduction of blood pressure
  • Decreased sodium reabsorption
A

All of the above

28
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water

29
Q

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the glomerulus is generated by

A

Presence of large, non-diffusible proteins in blood plasma

30
Q

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

A

efferent ateriole

31
Q

Capillaries that surround the proximal convoluted tubules are

A

Peritubular capillaries

32
Q

During the micturition reflex,

A
  • Stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord
  • Parasympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active
  • The internal sphincter is subconsciously relaxed
  • The external sphincter is consciously relaxed
33
Q

Functions of the urinary system include

A
  • Regulation of bloodvolume and blood pressure
  • Regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions
  • Helping to stabilize blood pH
  • conservation of valuable nutrients
34
Q

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

A

Increase secretion of renin by juxtaglomerular complex

35
Q

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

A

Nephron loop (loop of henle)

36
Q

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include

A
  • Hydrogen ions
  • Penicillin
  • Creatinine
  • Potassium ions
37
Q

The filtration of plasma takes place in the

A

renal corpuscle

38
Q

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

A

renal pelvis

39
Q

The kidneys not only remove waste products from the blood, they also assist in the regulation of

A
  • Blood volume
  • Blood pH
  • Blood pressure
  • Blood ion levels
40
Q

The majority of glomeruli are located in the _____ of the kidney

A

Cortex

41
Q

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

A

Fibrous capsule

42
Q

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

A

Distal convoluted tubule

43
Q

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

A

Absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water

44
Q

The process of filtration is driven by

A

Blood hydrostatic pressure

45
Q

The renal veins drain into the

A

Inferior vena cava

46
Q

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

A

The ureters

47
Q

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

A

Pyramids

48
Q

Urine is eliminated through the

A

Uretha

49
Q

Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?

A

Collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

50
Q

Name the two buffer systems located in the PCT

A

Phosphates & ammonia

51
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the juxtaglomerular complex?

A

Podocytes

52
Q

Which of the following is NOT indicative of possible kidney pathology?

A

High red blood cell count

53
Q

Glomer-

A

Ball``

54
Q

Natri-

A

Sodium

55
Q

Podo-

A

Foot

56
Q

Juxta-

A

Near

57
Q

Pyelo-

A

Pelvis

58
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

59
Q

Mictur-

A

To urinate

60
Q

Nephro-

A

Kidney

Bio 142 - Summer (11 decks)

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