Exam 21 Flashcards
Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit.
1- venules
2- arterioles
3-capillaries
4- elastic arteries
5- medium veins
6- large veins
7- muscular arteries
4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
Capillaries consist almost entirely of:
Tunica intima
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
continuous capillaries.
Compared to arteries, veins
have thinner walls.
Portal circulation connects the:
GI tract and liver
Resistance vessels are:
arterioles
The elastic fiber content of the tunica media will be higher in:
Conducting arteries
The most common type of capillary in the body:
Continuous
a part of the body such as kidneys may need specialized capillaries to allow passage of larger molecules through pore in the cells. These are called _____________ capillaries.
Fenestrated
at rest, most of the blood of the systemic circulation is in the:
veins
distribution vessels are:
muscular arteries
precapillary sphincters are found on:
arterioles
severe hemorrhage would affect which factor the most in capillary exchange?
hydrostatic pressure
which of the following would NOT increase peripheral resistance to flow?
increased diameter
which of the following hormones/peptides had the opposite effect of the others?
atrial natriuretic peptide
Materials can move across capillary walls by
diffusion, filtration, and reabsorption
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
precapillary sphincter.
At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the ________ artery.
popliteal
The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the
superior vena cava
Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?
venules
Venous valves are responsible for
channeling blood toward the heart.
Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?
tunica intima
Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?
tunica media
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venules
Blood pressure is highest here.
artery
As blood travels from arteries to veins,
pressure drops
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the
osmolarity of interstitial fluids
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
arterioles dilate
Blood pressure is lowest in the
veins
Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the
lungs
Pulmonary veins carry blood to the
left atrium.
Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except
inhibition of EPO secretion.
Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits
increased blood pressure and increased body stores of sodium ion
Paul has a horrible chainsaw accident and cuts several major blood vessels in his head and neck. As a result of this injury, you would expect to observe all of the following, except a(n)
increase in cardiac output.
Pick three options that help return blood to the heart
respiratory/thoracic pump, venous valves, and muscular massages
Pick THREE characteristics of veins when compared to arteries.
stretchier, valves, and lower pressure
Which of the following will lower blood pressure?
ANP/BNP
Which of the following is an example of local control of blood flow?
precapillary sphincters
The common one word term for a cerebrovascular accident is a ____________.
stroke
A hemorrhagic stroke is best described as:
a free brain bleed
an ischemic stroke is best described as a/an:
blood clot in the brain
A stationary blood clot is called a/an __________. While a migrating clot is a/an __________.
Thrombus, embolism
