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Bio 142 - Summer > Exam 24 Flashcards > Flashcards

Exam 24 Flashcards

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1
Q

You swallowed a camera pill which is now snapping beautiful high definition photographs of your diverticulosis. This means the camera is currently in your:

A

Descending colon

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2
Q

Trace a skittle through the GI tract

A
  1. Gastro-esophageal sphincter
  2. Pylorus
  3. Duodenum
  4. Jejunum
  5. Ileum
  6. Ascending colon
  7. Descending colon
  8. Sigmoid colon
  9. Rectal canal
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3
Q

Chole-

A

Bile

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4
Q

Colo-

A

Colon

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5
Q

Entero-

A

Intestine

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6
Q

Gastro-

A

Stomach

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7
Q

Hepato-

A

Liver

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8
Q

Hiat-

A

An opening

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9
Q

In-

A

Within

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10
Q

Quadr-

A

One quarter

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11
Q

Therm-, Thermo-

A

Heat

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12
Q

-asean

A

Enzyme

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13
Q

-ina

A

Protein

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14
Q

-osea

A

Carbohydrate

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15
Q

Cholecystekinin

A

Increases bile secretions

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16
Q

Secretin

A

Increases bicarb production in the pancreas

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17
Q

Gastrin

A

Increases stomach motility

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18
Q

Leptin

A

A lipokine that decreases appetite

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19
Q

Somatostatin

A
  • Produced by D cells
  • Decreases gastric hormone release
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20
Q

Pepsin

A

Protease made in the stomach

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21
Q

PPY

A
  • Involved in appetite regulations
  • Produced in the intestine
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22
Q

GIP

A

Slows gastric emptying when undigested carbs and fat are arriving in the small intestine

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23
Q

Ghrelin

A

Increases appetite

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24
Q

Insulin

A

Decreases blood sugar; from the pancreas

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25
Q

Glucagon

A

Increases blood sugar; from the pancreas

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26
Q

What are all the evens that occur in the stomach

A
  • Acid secretion
  • Mechanical processing
  • Intrinsic factor production
  • Protein digestion
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27
Q

An example of a brush border enzyme would be:

A

Enteropeptidase

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28
Q

Carbohydrate digestion starts:

A

In the mouth

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29
Q

Chief and parietal cells are found in the:

A

Stomach

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30
Q

Fats and proteins are digested by enzymes manufactures in the:

A

Pancreas

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31
Q

Haustral contractions occur in the:

A

Large intestine

32
Q

Ingesta in the GI tract is moved forward down the tract by:

A

Peristalis

33
Q

Intrinsic factor is necessary to absorb molecules of:

A

B12

34
Q

Most of the nutrient absorption occurs in the:

A

Small intestine

35
Q

Peyer’s patches and MALT/GALT function in the intestinal tract is in:

A

Immunity

36
Q

Most of the water absorption in the GI occurs in the:

A

Large intestine

37
Q

Most digestive enzymes are produced and secreted in inactive forms to prevent:

A

Autolysis

38
Q

Short reflexes of the enteric nervous system do not involve the:

A

Brain and spinal cord

39
Q

Sinusoids are surrounded by _____________ and carry ____________.

A

Hepatocytes/blood

40
Q

The appendix is attached to the:

A

Cecum

41
Q

The esophageal lining produces:

A

Mucus

42
Q

The largest layer of the smooth muscle in the GI tract:

A

Muscularis externa

43
Q

The meissner’s plexus lies:

A

In the submucosa

44
Q

Cholecytekinin is produced in the:

A

Duodenum

45
Q

The duct of Oddi empties the ________ and _______ into the __________

A

Gall bladder/ pancreas/ duodenum

46
Q

The ileocecal sphincter prevents backflow from:

A

From the large colon to the small intestine

47
Q

The innermost layer of the intestinal tract is the:

A

Mucosa

48
Q

The term “heterodont” refers to the fact that humans:

A

Have multiple shapes and functions to their teeth

49
Q

The substance that emulsifies fats is stored in the:

A

Gall bladder

50
Q

Villi and microvilli are important in the functions of the

A

Small intestine

51
Q

Visceral peritoneum would be the same as the

A

Serosa

52
Q

Which has the lowest pH?

A

Chyme

53
Q

Which of the following is a fat soluble vitamin made by bacteria in the large intestine?

A

K

54
Q

The myenteric plexus, also known as the Auerbach Plexus, controls the:

A

Peristalsis and segmentation

55
Q

The organ that shares a portal circulation with the absorptive surfaces of the GI tract is the:

A

Liver

56
Q

The parotid glands secrete

A

Saliva

57
Q

The substance that emulsifies fats is made by the

A

Liver

58
Q

Choose all that are associated with the small intestine

A

Nutrient absorption, microvilli, brush border enzymes, plica circulates

59
Q

The dorsal mesenteric membrane becomes the:

A

Greater omentum

60
Q

Put the digestive system steps in order

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Mastication
  3. Deglutition
  4. Secretion
  5. Absorption
61
Q

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

A

Rugae

62
Q

The greater omentum is

A

A fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

63
Q

Lacteals

A

Carry absorbed fats to the lymphoid system

64
Q

Plicae and intestinal villi

A

Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine

65
Q

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

A

Gastrin

66
Q

The taenia coli are

A

Longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall

67
Q

Hautra are

A

Expansible pouches of the colon

68
Q

Hematochezia

A

Bright red blood in the stool

69
Q

Melena

A

Black tarry stool

70
Q

Alcholic stool

A

Clay colored

71
Q

Jaundice

A

Excess bilirubin

72
Q

Heptatomegaly

A

Swollen liver

73
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Shrunken and scarred liver

74
Q

The dangling process that aids in keeping food out of the nasopharynx is known as the _____________.

A

Uvula

75
Q

The small, semisolid mass of food formed during mastication is called a(n) _______________.

A

Bolus

76
Q

Your patient with liver failure has a firm abdomen due to accumulation of fluid. This is known clinically as ________________.

A

Ascites

77
Q

A bite of food will pass

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Pharynx
  3. Epiglottis
  4. Esophagus
  5. Cardiac Sphincter
  6. Stomach
  7. Pyloric Sphincter
  8. Duodenum
  9. Jejunum
  10. Ileum
  11. Ileocecal Sphincter
  12. Cecum
  13. Ascending Colon
  14. Transverse Colon
  15. Descending Colon
  16. Sigmoid Colon
  17. Rectum

Bio 142 - Summer (11 decks)

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