Exam 2 Vocab

Question 0

Affirmative action

Answer 0

Purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women

Question 1

diversity pairing

Answer 1

A mentoring program in which people of different cultural backgrounds sexes race are paired together to get to know each other and change stereo typical believes and attitudes

Question 2

Surface level diversity

Answer 2

Difference such as age sex race and physical disabilities that are observable typically unchangeable and easy to measure

Question 3

Glass ceiling

Answer 3

The invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations

Question 4

Big five personality dimensions

Answer 4

Extroversion,emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience

Question 5

Diversity training program

Answer 5

Awareness training and skill-based diversity training

Question 6

Technological substitution

Answer 6

The purchase of new technologies to replace older ones

Question 7

Technology cycle

Answer 7

A cycle that begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer substantially better technology

Question 8

Innovation streams

Answer 8

Pattern of innovation overtime that can create sustainable competitive advantage

Question 9

Creative work environments

Answer 9

Workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcome and valued and encouraged

Question 10

Experimental approaches to innovation

Answer 10

Assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition, flexible options, and hand on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerated learning and understanding

Question 11

Compression approach to innovation

Answer 11

Assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed innovation

Question 12

Sources of resistance to change

Answer 12

Self-interest, misunderstanding and distrust, low tolerance for change

Question 13

Methods for managing resistance to change

Answer 13

Unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing.

Question 14

Refreezing

Answer 14

Supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick.

Question 15

General Electric workout

Answer 15

A three-day meeting in which managers and employees form different levels and parts of an organization quickly generate an act on solutions to specific business problems

Question 16

Global business

Answer 16

The buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries

Question 17

Protectionism

Answer 17

A governments use of trade barriers to shield domestic companies and their workers from foreign competition

Question 18

Hofstedes cultural differences

Answer 18

Power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation.

Question 19

Political uncertainty

Answer 19

The risk of major changes and political regimes that can result from war, revolution, death of political leaders, social unrest, or other influential event

Question 20

Wholly owned affiliate

Answer 20

Foreign offices, facilities, and manufacturing plants that are 100% owned by the parent company.

Question 21

Purchasing power

Answer 21

The relative cost of a standard set of good and services in different countries.

Question 22

Expatriate

Answer 22

Someone who lives and works outside his or her native country

Question 23

Organizational process

Answer 23

The collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value

Question 24

Customer departmentalization

Answer 24

Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers

Question 25

Matrix departmentalization

Answer 25

A hybrid organizational structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization most often product and functional are use together.

Question 26

Product departmentalization

Answer 26

Organizing work and workers in two separate units responsible for producing particular products and services

Question 27

Organizational authority

Answer 27

Chain of command, line versus staff authority, delegation of authority, degree of centralization.

Question 28

Line functions

Answer 28

An activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company’s products.

Question 29

Staff functions

Answer 29

And activity that does not contribute directly to creating or selling the company’s products but instead supports the line activity

Question 30

Standardization

Answer 30

Solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes.

Question 31

Job specialization

Answer 31

A job composed of a small part of a large task or process

Question 32

Job design

Answer 32

The number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in doing their job

Question 33

Job enlargement

Answer 33

Increasing the number of different task that a worker performs with one particular job

Question 34

Job characteristics model

Answer 34

And approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes

Question 35

Reengineering

Answer 35

Fundamental rethinking and radical design of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed

Question 36

Modular organizations

Answer 36

An organization that outsources non-core business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialist, or consultants.

Question 37

Team advantages

Answer 37

Improve customer satisfaction, product and service Quality, speed and efficiency in product involvement, employment job satisfaction, and decision-making.

Question 38

Traditional workgroups

Answer 38

Hey group composed of two or more people who work together to achieve a shared goal

Question 39

Cross functional teams

Answer 39

A team composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization

Question 40

Project teams

Answer 40

A team created to complete specific, one time projects or tasks within a limited time

Question 41

Norms

Answer 41

Informally agreed or standards that regulate team behavior

Question 42

Cohesiveness

Answer 42

The extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain in it

Question 43

bureaucratic immunity

Answer 43

The ability to make changes without first getting approval from managers or other parts of an organization

Question 44

gain sharing

Answer 44

A compensation system in which company share the financial value of performance gains, such as increased productivity, cost savings, or quality, with their workers

Question 45

Sexual harassment

Answer 45

A form of discrimination and which unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature occurs while performing one’s job

Question 46

Bona fide occupational qualification

Answer 46

An exception in employment law that permits sex, age, religion, and the like to be used when making employment decisions, but only if they are reasonable necessary to the normal operation of that particular business. Monitored by EEOC

Question 47

Job analysis

Answer 47

A purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work related aspect of a job

Question 48

Selection

Answer 48

The process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job

Question 49

Work sample tests

Answer 49

Tests that require applicants to perform tasks that are actually done on the job

Question 50

Piecework

Answer 50

A compensation system in which employees are paid a set rate for each item they produce

Question 51

Dysfunctional turnover

Answer 51

Loss of high performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave the company