Exam 2 UW

Question 1

Define Unconventional Warfare

Answer 1

Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through, or with an underground, auxiliary and guerilla force in a denied area.

Question 2

Define Clandestine Operation

Answer 2

An operation sponsored or conducted by governmental departments or agencies in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment (of the operation).

Question 3

Define Covert Operations

Answer 3

An operation that is is planned and executed to conceal the identity of, or permit plausible deniability by, the sponsor.

Question 4

Define Guerilla Warfare

Answer 4

Military and paramilitary operations conducted in enemy held or hostile territory by irregular, predominately indigenous forces.

Question 5

Define Insurgency

Answer 5

The organized use of subversion and violence by a group or a movement that seeks to overthrow or force change of a governing authority. Insurgency can also refer to the group itself.

Question 6

Define Resistance Movement

Answer 6

An organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability.

Question 7

Define Denied Area

Answer 7

An area under enemy or unfriendly control in which friendly forces cannot expect to operate successfully within existing operational constraints and force capabilities.

Question 8

Define Subversion

Answer 8

Actions designed to undermine the military, economic, psychological or political strength or morale of a governing authority.

Question 9

Define Area Command

Answer 9

In unconventional warfare, the irregular organizational structure established within an unconventional warfare operational area to command and control irregular forces advised by army special forces

Question 10

What are the categories of supply?

Answer 10

Accompanying and External

Question 11

Accompanying Supply

Answer 11

The SFODA may take accompanying supplies into the JSOA at the time of infiltration. The SFODA receives these supplies in isolation at the JSOTF or SOTF. While undergoing mission preparation in isolation, the SFODA prepares and rigs accompanying supplies for delivery in conjunction with infiltration. This preparation must include packaging and load consideration to facilitate transportation subsequent to infiltration. The situation may dictate that these supplies are cached following infiltration for later use. The threat in the JSOA dictates the quantity and type of supplies and equipment the SFODA can include. Other influences are the—
• Capabilities, size, and responsiveness of the guerrilla force to sponsor assistance.
• Enemy capabilities and situation.
• Method of infiltration (air, land, or sea).
• Requirements for survival, evasion, resistance, and escape.
• Available resources in the JSOA.
• Size and capability of the reception committee.
• Requirements for sustaining operations pending receipt of an automatic resupply.
• Need for key items of equipment to partially equip a cadre nucleus of the guerrilla force when the
• SFODA expects a reception committee upon infiltration.
• Other items of equipment and supplies to help establish rapport with the guerrillas.

Question 12

External resupply

Answer 12

External resupplies are procured and delivered to the JSOA by the sponsor (JSOTF), based on the needs of the resistance force or insurgents, as well as the detachment. Resupply is planned in isolation to be delivered after infiltration at a coordinated location and time automatically (automatic), as requested (on-call or routine), or based upon a no-communications trigger (emergency). The detachment preselects resupply items and delivery merchandise during isolation to replenish or supplement supplies its members consume or to fulfill other requirements. The detachment receives these items after infiltration.

Question 13

T/F: According to additional protocol 1 in the Geneva Conventions, under no circumstances are US personnel allowed to wear enemy uniforms while conducting UW.

Answer 13

True.

Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions prohibits this and other uses of the enemy’s uniform. An enemy nation party to Additional Protocol I may consider the use of its uniform by U.S. forces as a war crime

Question 14

T/F: Pilot team operations must be conducted prior to the decision to conduct UW

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Seven Phases of UW

Answer 15

1. Preparation
2. Initial Contact
3. Infiltration
4. Organization
5. Build Up
6. Employment
7. Transition

Question 16

What happens during Phase I of UW

Answer 16

1. Preisolation mission preparation
2. Isolated and deliberate mission planning
3. Post approval/preinfiltration mission preparation.

Begins with POTUS and/or SECDEF approval to execute UW
•Must begin with a complete Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment (IOPE)
•Includes IO targeting to interagency efforts to determine goals, capabilities, and liabilities before making initial contact
•Analysis of political or military agendas, factional relationships, and external political ties
•The USG begins Military Information Support Operations (MISO) as far in advance as possible

Question 17

Mission of Pilot team in regards to the resistance forces it links up with

Answer 17

Feasibility assessment or Vanguard: as primarily a feasibility assessment team or as primarily a vanguard team for a larger planned force.

Question 18

What other ARSOF unit is specially trained to assist a newly in power regime to establish an administration to provide public security to its populace

Answer 18

Civil Affairs – Critical for Transition

(government is hard) -CW3 Oakes

Question 19

Describe the area complex

Answer 19

A clandestine, dispersed network of facilities to support resistance activities in a given area designed to achieve security, control, dispersion, and flexibility.

• Is contested territory or an area that contains clandestine supporting infrastructure it is not liberated territory.
• Supplies bulk of resistance logistical needs

It represents the insurgent’s AO. Insurgent forces can maintain their clandestine infrastructure in the area complex. The clandestine infrastructure provides insurgent forces with a measure of freedom of movement and support. These areas overlay areas under the control of the government or occupying military. These areas can eventually transform into liberated areas if the enemy’s ability to challenge the insurgent forces degrades to a level of parity with the guerrilla forces. To support resistance activities, an area complex must include a security system, guerrilla bases, communications, logistics, medical facilities, and a series of networks capable of moving personnel and supplies. The area complex may consist of friendly villages, towns, or portions of urban areas under guerrilla military or political control.

Question 20

SFODA Operations SGT during detailed, pre infiltration planning

Answer 20

The operational detachment S-3 leads all mission preparations according to the event time plan. He oversees OPSEC as the operational detachment continues mission preparations with members of the supporting higher staff. The S-3 ensures deception, PSYOP, CA, fires and other support needed in the JSOA is coordinated with the operational detachment and incorporated into the plan. He incorporates any approved changes from higher echelons into the operational detachment’s OPORD and disseminates all approved OPORD changes to the operational detachment. He assigns mission tasks to operational detachment members. The S-3 ensures operational detachment predeployment training and rehearsals are according to the operational detachment’s OPORD, the resistance training program of instruction in the language spoken within the JSOA, the unit’s SOP, and the time event plan. He ensures weapons are test fired. The operations sergeant prepares all scheme of maneuver requirements necessary to achieve the mission from departure of the isolation area, to staging areas, through infiltration of and movement in a denied area, actions on the objective, exfiltration and recovery to friendly control. The operations sergeant assigns the preparation, approval, and delivery of the SF evasion and recovery plan. He oversees all operational detachment preparations for comprehensive resistance support appropriate to the specific mission requirements. (See Appendix K, Infiltration and Exfiltration Considerations; and Appendix V, Special Forces Advisor’s Guide to the Combat Employment of Guerrilla Forces.)

Question 21

Traditional Warfare

Answer 21

characterized as a violent struggle for domination between nation-states or coalitions and alliances of nation-states. With the increasingly rare case of formally declared war, traditional warfare typically involves force-on-force military operations in which adversaries employ a variety of conventional forces and SOF against each other in all physical domains, as well as the information environment (which includes cyberspace).

Question 22

Irregular warfare

Answer 22

characterized as a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population(s). In irregular warfare, a less powerful adversary seeks to disrupt or negate the military capabilities and advantages of a more powerful military force, which usually serves that nation’s established government.

Question 23

What 3 characteristics that make UW favorable for US Support

Answer 23

1. Willingness to cooperate with the US
2. Compatible objectives with US ideology
3. Capable resistance leadership

Question 24

What are the three types of external resupply

Answer 24

Automatic The detachment plans for automatic resupply before infiltration, coordinating for the delivery time, location, contents, and the identification marking system or authentication. Automatic resupply is delivered after the detachment successfully infiltrates and establishes radio contact, unless delivery is cancelled, modified, or rescheduled. Automatic resupply may consist of items that are mission essential but could not feasibly accompany the detachment due to the nature or mode of infiltration.
On Call When the detachment establishes communications with the JSOTF or SOTF, external supply begins on call. Personnel use the abbreviated code of a catalog supply system contained in the SOI to request supplies based on operational need. These supplies consist of major equipment items that units do not consume at a predictable rate. Supplies are packed and rigged into man-portable loads and color coded according to type of supplies for immediate identification. If airdropped, supply personnel normally pack equipment and supplies in appropriate delivery containers that have a cargo capacity of 500 pounds or less to ease handling and transportation within the JSOA. To allow rapid clearance of the DZ, personnel ensure the contents of each container are in man-portable units of about 50 pounds each.
Emergency The purpose of the emergency resupply is to provide essential equipment and supplies in order to restore operational capability and survivability of the detachment. Typical items contained in the bundle may be communications equipment, batteries, weapons, ammunition, money, and handheld Global Positioning Systems.
A coded message, a radio request, or the absence of any detachment communication over a prearranged period can trigger an emergency resupply. As a minimum, resupply should consist of communications equipment and enough mission-essential supplies to establish base contact.

Question 25

What are the three types of external resupply

Answer 25

1. Automatic: The detachment plans for automatic resupply before infiltration, coordinating for the delivery time, location, contents, and the identification marking system or authentication. Automatic resupply is delivered after the detachment successfully infiltrates and establishes radio contact, unless delivery is cancelled, modified, or rescheduled. Automatic resupply may consist of items that are mission essential but could not feasibly accompany the detachment due to the nature or mode of infiltration.
2. On Call: When the detachment establishes communications with the JSOTF or SOTF, external supply begins on call. Personnel use the abbreviated code of a catalog supply system contained in the SOI to request supplies based on operational need. These supplies consist of major equipment items that units do not consume at a predictable rate. Supplies are packed and rigged into man-portable loads and color coded according to type of supplies for immediate identification. If airdropped, supply personnel normally pack equipment and supplies in appropriate delivery containers that have a cargo capacity of 500 pounds or less to ease handling and transportation within the JSOA. To allow rapid clearance of the DZ, personnel ensure the contents of each container are in man-portable units of about 50 pounds each.
3. Emergency: The purpose of the emergency resupply is to provide essential equipment and supplies in order to restore operational capability and survivability of the detachment. Typical items contained in the bundle may be communications equipment, batteries, weapons, ammunition, money, and handheld Global Positioning Systems. A coded message, a radio request, or the absence of any detachment communication over a prearranged period can trigger an emergency resupply. As a minimum, resupply should consist of communications equipment and enough mission-essential supplies to establish base contact.

Question 26

What are the three primary goals of large-scale involvement in UW operations.

Answer 26

1. Facilitate eventual introduction of conventional forces
2. Facilitate friendly offensive or defensive operations
3. Divert enemy resources away from other parts of the operational area.

Question 27

When advising the resistance leadership, what are some factors to be considered by the SF commander?

Answer 27

1. Effectiveness of existing resistance organization
2. Extent of cooperation between the resistance organization and local population
3. Level of hostile activity and security measures
4. Political boundaries, natural terrain features, potential targets, and the population density of the operational environment
5. Religious, ethnic, political, and ideological differences among elements of the population and competing resistance organizations
6. Proposed type and scope of combat operations
7. Degree of us influence with the resistance organization

Question 28

Which Phase of UW that is most difficult? Why?

Answer 28

Transition.

It involves demobilization, and establishing order out of chaos.

Transition refers to turning over an activity or task to a new indigenous government, allied or coalition force or government, or to private sector agencies when the objective is overthrow.

The primary concern in any demobilization program is the guerrilla. His personal and political motives
vary. The resistance organization can include peasants, laborers, bandits, criminals, merchants, and a few
social and intellectual leaders. During the conflict, some guerrillas may have achieved status and leadership
positions that they now are reluctant to relinquish. Others may have found adventure in combat that they
would not now trade for peace or prosperity. Hostile groups may have clandestinely infiltrated the guerrilla
force to continue their own personal or political agenda. They may take advantage of the demobilization
program to organize paramilitary or political groups that will be in conflict with the new provisional
government or U.S. authorities.

The whole government approach requires efforts from multiple organizations and different actors. (Civil Affairs, USAID, UN, Allied nations)

Question 29

T/F: UW is a national strategic political military tool, under certain circumstances UW may provide the only usable option that the US may achieve its objectives

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

What are the two main considerations for communications planning in a UW environment?

Answer 30

1. Means of Delivery

2. Content

Question 31

T/F: SOCOM UW capabilities satisfy GCC campaign requirements through the provision of SF support to resistance movements through to denied and uncertain environments.

Answer 31

True.

Question 32

Report for automatic resupply

Answer 32

ANGUS Report

Question 33

Who is in charge of indigenous resistance logistics

Answer 33

Area Commander

Question 34

T/F: The USSOCOM UW capabilities satisfy GCCs’ campaign requirements through the provision of special operations forces’ support to insurgencies and resistance movements, from initial contact through transition to a legitimate governing authority in denied and uncertain environments. USSOCOM has a Title 10, USC, Section 167, responsibility to provide specialized forces developed, recruited, selected, trained, organized, equipped, and of conducting the military aspects of UW

Answer 34

True.

Question 35

Describe role of ODA commander during detailed planning

Answer 35

The commander commands and controls the operational detachment. He ensures the operational detachment completes mission preparation according to the higher commander’s OPORD or OPLAN and the operational detachment’s OPORD. The commander ensures all operational detachment members know and understand the operational detachment’s OPORD. He approves tentative changes to the OPORD if the changes satisfy requirements according to his intent, identify mission objectives, and follow the higher commander’s OPLAN or OPORD. The commander ensures all legal questions have been clarified and all operational plans are according to applicable legal guidance and directives. The commander is overall responsible for command of the operational detachment’s preparation for all planned STR activities.