Exam 2-Unit 8: Motor Treatment 1 Flashcards
Motor Performance: Temporary or Permanent change?
Temporary. Motor Learning leads to permanent change.
What variables define Motor Performance?
- Duration to complete task.
- Quality of movement.
- Efficiency to complete.
How is Motor Learning assessed?
- Retention Test: Reassessment at a later date (is it retained?).
- Transfer of learning: Completing the learned skill in another environment.
- Generalizability: Application of learned skills from one task to another similar task.
Dynamic Systems Theory:
Outlines 3 constraints that influence the emergence of behavior/motor development.
* Individual
* Task
* Environment
Each affects the other, all things work within a system.
Stages of Motor Learning:
Skill association, skill retention, skill transfer.
Cognitive Stage
Associative Stage
Autonomous Stage
One of the most important principles of motor learning?
Amount
Massed vs. Distributed
-Massed: Amount of practice time is greater than amount of rest time.
-Distributed: Amount of rest time is equal to or greater than amount of practice time.
CIMT amount of practice?
Mass practice
Blocked practice?
All repetitions of task A are practiced before moving onto task B, & all repetitions of task B are practiced before moving onto task C
Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) Theory?
Inhibits abnormal tone while facilitating normal movement.
Motor output is controlled by giving sensory input.
NDT Basic Principles
- Compensatory & Adaptive strategies are DISCOURAGED.
- AVOIDANCE of learned nonuse.
Factors influencing abnormal tone
Emotional stress, physical effort, temperature, RATE activity is done, time of day, fatigue, & movement.
Typical UE tone with hemiplegia
Scapular elevation & retraction
Humerus adducted & internally rotated
Elbow flexed
Forearm pronated
Wrist flexed & ulnar deviated
Digits flexed
Goal of NDT
Relearn normal movement
Treat the person as a whole
Encourage use of both sides (avoiding learned nonuse)
Use meaningful occupations to facilitate normal movement patterns of affected side
NDT Treatment Starting Point
Position of the pelvis & trunk control (dissociation of upper & lower trunk)
Most effective way of normalizing tone within NDT?
Facilitate weight bearing through affected side.
–This provides sensory input to hemi side through proprioception.
–Closed chain movement.
Traumatic vs. Non-traumatic brain injury?
Non-traumatic: Internal cause (stroke, pressure from tumor, lack of oxygen, etc.)
Traumatic: External cause.
NDT interventions
Bimanual techniques
CIMT
Limb activation (hemineglect)–engage in WB=proprioceptive input.
Mirror therapy (phantom limb or stroke)–use mirror neurons to “trick the brain.” Increases movement, awareness, sensation, & function of affected limb.
Rood’s
