Exam 1 Flashcards
Define Sarcopenia
Decreased muscle strength & size over time, as you age.
What is max loss in trunk & extremities due to?
Bone mineral loss
Osteoporosis vs Osteopenia
Osteoporosis: Bone loss, weakened bones–brittle, more likely to fracture.
Osteopenia: Condition where bone density is lower than usual for age.
BOTH lead to Kyphosis
What are the results of Low Estrogen?
- More bone breakdown
+ - # Not enough bone building
- Weaker & less dense bones
What are interventions for Osteoporosis?
- Stretching
- Weightbearing exercises (walking, resistive & non-resistive)
- Hormone replacement in women
- Calcium & Vit D supplements
E.g. of strategies to prevent & treat slip disc?
- Body mechanics
- Keeping a healthy weight
*Avoid a static lifestyle - Strengthen core & legs
- Yoga & PT are EBP
Symptoms of OA?
- Cartilage loses elasticity & becomes brittle.
- Ligaments & tendons lose elasticity
- Join stiffness & decreased ROM
Cause of OA?
Underlying problem?
Degenerative disorder genetic & biomechanical injury.
Articular cartilage loss–affects all aspects of joint.
Cause of RA?
Signs?
Autoimmune disorder.
- Lasts longer than 30 minutes (OA)
- Rheumatoid nodules (firm lumps under skin at joint = looks swollen)
- Stiffness in joints
- Occurs symmetrically across body
- Weight & appetite loss
- Fatigue
Sings of OA?
- Morning stiffness that lasts ≥30 minutes (<RA)
- Bony growths in PIP & DIP (causes joint to look swollen laterally & medially)
- Asymmetrical (vs Symmetrical RA)
- Pain reduced with rest
Wrist Subluxation…
Partial dislocation–radial deviation (RA).
Fingers lean/angled to the little finger…RA or OA?
RA–Ulnar deviation/drift
OT Goals with RA?
- Decreased pain: Modalities reduce inflammation
- Prevent or control joint damage: Energy conservation, splint.
- Help maintain function: AROM or AAROM (avoid PROM), Isometric exercises to prevent muscle atrophy
Interventions for RA?
- Heat modality prior to exercise
- AROM exercises
- Aerobic exercises: biking, swimming
Fast twitch, slow twitch; which type? Anaerobic or Aerobic?
Fast Twitch:
* Type 1
* Anaerobic = quick rapid contractions
* Lossed first in Bedrest
Slow Twitch:
* Type 2
* Aerobic = slow, sustained contractions
* Lossed first in older adults due to nonuse
What does MSD pain feel like?
- Localized or widespread
- Gets worse with movement
- Fatigue
- Twitching muscles
- Sensation of “burning” in muscle
- Sleep disturbances
Behavioral indicators of MSD?
- Restlessness (agitation)
- Rigidity
- Rubbing
- Guarding
- Physical aggression
- Consolibility
Remedial techniques for pain caused by MSD in Acute & Subacute phases?
Acute: Cold modalities, non-thermal US, splinting for protection, PROM, AAROM, & AROM.
Subacute: Hot or cold modalities, US, PROM, AROM, Manual techniques, & aquatic rehabilitation.
Remedial techniques for Edema in Acute & Subacute phases?
Acute: Cold modalities, non-thermal US, compression, elevation, PROM, AAROM, AROM.
Subacute: Hot or cold modalities, thermal US, compression, elevation, *retrograde massage, PROM, AAROM, aquatics.
Precautions & Contraindications for thermal modalities…
- Malignancies (cancer)
- Presence of pacemaker
- Impaired sensation or cognitive status
Normal range for bp?
<120/80
Hypertension: >140/90
Hypertensive Crisis: 180/120
–Fatigue, confusion, chest pain, visual changes.
Hypotension: <90/60
–Weakness, sleepiness, blurred vision, confusion, syncope, light-headedness
