Exam 2: Transcription & Translation

Question 1

direction of DNA & RNA synthesis

Answer 1

nucleotides added to 3’ end

Question 2

direction of protein synthesis

Answer 2

new AAs added to c-terminal end

Question 3

5’ —-> 3’ strand names

Answer 3

sense, coding, + strand

same sequence as mRNA

Question 4

3’ —- 5’ strand names

Answer 4

anti-sense, template, - strand

Question 5

replication

Answer 5

DNA from DNA

Question 6

transcription

Answer 6

RNA from DNA

Question 7

translation

Answer 7

protein from RNA

Question 8

transcription unit

Answer 8

region of DNA that can be transcribed into RNA

definite beginning and end (specific nucleotides)

begins in promotor region and ends at terminator

Question 9

first product of transcription

Answer 9

exact copy of the transcription unit in RNA

in eukaryotes this is the “primary transcript” not mRNA

Question 10

the primary transcript must undergo…

Answer 10

RNA processing in the nucleus to become mRNA

Question 11

RNA polymerase

Answer 11

makes RNA form a DNA template

reads 3’ to 5’ creating a 5’ to 3’ sequence of RNA

Question 12

transcript definition

Answer 12

piece of RNA copied from DNA

product of transcription

Question 13

how many parts does mRNA have

Answer 13

3

5’ UTR

ORF/CDS

3’ UTS

Question 14

UTR

Answer 14

untranslated region

5’ called leader sequence

3’ called trailer sequence

Question 15

ORF/CDS

Answer 15

open reading frame

coding sequence

Question 16

how many bases are in the ORF

Answer 16

multiple of 3 b/c there are 3 bases per AA code

Question 17

cap

Answer 17

protects mRNA and helps attach to ribosome

Question 18

tail

Answer 18

protects mRNA and helps it be exported from nucleus

long string of nucleotides of only Adenine

Question 19

RNA processing

Answer 19

process of turning primary transcript into mRNA

capping, splicing, polyadenylation

happens in nucleus

Question 20

spliceosomes

Answer 20

splice introns from 1º transcript

Question 21

introns are….

Answer 21

regions of extra DNA in transcription units (anywhere)

copied into RNA then spliced out

have no codons

Question 22

does mRNA have introns?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

reason for introns

Answer 23

allow eukaryotes to code for more proteins by alternative splicing

Question 24

ribosomes made of…

Answer 24

mostly RNA, only some protein

Question 25

an mRNA is ready….

Answer 25

to be translated by ribosomes in the cytoplasm to make proteins

Question 26

do prokaryotes add caps and tails to mRNA?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

do prokaryotes have introns and exons?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

post-transcriptional processing

Answer 28

capping, splicing, polyadenylation

all occurring in the nucleus before mRNA leaves

Question 29

can eukaryotes have alternate promotors and terminators in the same gene?

Answer 29

yes, allows for more mRNA from same sequence just like introns