Exam #2 Study Guide Flashcards
What are the two main systems that make up the basic body of a plant?
a) Root system and stem system
b) Root system and shoot system
c) Leaf system and flower system
d) Shoot system and vascular system
b) Root system and shoot system
What is the primary function of the root system?
a) Support and photosynthesis
b) Water and mineral absorption, anchorage
c) Carbon dioxide absorption
d) Flower and fruit production
b) Water and mineral absorption, anchorage
Which of the following is NOT a function of the shoot system?
a) Obtaining light and CO₂
b) Anchoring the plant
c) Bearing leaves and flowers
d) Vertical stem growth
b) Anchoring the plant
Which of the following is NOT one of the main plant organs?
a) Stems
b) Leaves
c) Flowers
d) Seeds
d) Seeds
What are the three steps of plant growth?
a) Cell growth, cell differentiation, cell expansion
b) Cell elongation, cell expansion, cell maturity
c) Cell division, cell elongation, cell differentiation
d) Cell development, cell reproduction, cell extension
c) Cell division, cell elongation, cell differentiation
What type of growth increases the length of roots and shoots?
a) Secondary growth
b) Primary growth
c) Lateral growth
d) Tertiary growth
b) Primary growth
What is an apical meristem?
a) A protective layer on leaves
b) A region of cell division at the tip of stems or roots
c) A type of leaf tissue
d) A dead layer of cells at the plant surface
b) A region of cell division at the tip of stems or roots
What is a bud in relation to an apical meristem?
a) A cluster of xylem cells
b) A secondary root structure
c) A dormant apical meristem
d) A specialized leaf structure
c) A dormant apical meristem
What structure protects the apical meristem of roots?
a) Root hairs
b) Root tip
c) Root cap
d) Lateral meristem
c) Root cap
What type of growth increases the girth (thickness) of roots and stems?
a) Primary growth
b) Apical growth
c) Secondary growth
d) Intercalary growth
c) Secondary growth
What meristem is responsible for secondary growth?
a) Apical meristem
b) Intercalary meristem
c) Lateral meristem
d) Root meristem
c) Lateral meristem
What is the function of the vascular cambium?
a) Produces cells for support and conduction
b) Increases stem length
c) Protects the root cap
d) Absorbs nutrients from soil
a) Produces cells for support and conduction
The cork cambium produces:
a) Xylem cells
b) Root hairs
c) Bark
d) Sieve tube members
c) Bark
Why do grasses lack vascular and cork cambium?
a) They do not have roots or shoots
b) They have intercalary meristems instead
c) They do not undergo primary growth
d) They do not need structural support
b) They have intercalary meristems instead
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main tissue systems in plants?
a) Ground tissue system
b) Vascular tissue system
c) Dermal tissue system
d) Root tissue system
d) Root tissue system
What is a simple tissue?
a) A tissue made of only one type of cell
b) A tissue found only in roots
c) A vascular tissue composed of xylem and phloem
d) A tissue only found in woody plants
a) A tissue made of only one type of cell
Which simple tissue type has thin-walled living cells and remains active for a long time?
a) Sclerenchyma
b) Collenchyma
c) Parenchyma
d) Xylem
Parenchyma
What type of parenchyma tissue contains air spaces for buoyancy in aquatic plants?
a) Chlorenchyma
b) Aerenchyma
c) Transfer cells
d) Sclerenchyma
b) Aerenchyma
What type of parenchyma tissue contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis?
a) Transfer cells
b) Aerenchyma
c) Chlorenchyma
d) Collenchyma
c) Chlorenchyma
What type of simple tissue has thick, unevenly thickened cell walls and provides flexible support?
a) Parenchyma
b) Collenchyma
c) Sclerenchyma
d) Xylem
b) Collenchyma
Which of the following describes sclerenchyma tissue?
a) Thin-walled and living
b) Thick-walled and dead at maturity
c) Unevenly thickened and flexible
d) Composed only of xylem and phloem
b) Thick-walled and dead at maturity
What are the two types of sclerenchyma cells?
a) Parenchyma and collenchyma
b) Xylem and phloem
c) Sclereids and fibers
d) Aerenchyma and transfer cells
c) Sclereids and fibers
What type of sclerenchyma cell is responsible for the gritty texture in cherries?
a) Fibers
b) Sclereids
c) Parenchyma
d) Xylem
b) Sclereids
Which plant material is commonly made from sclerenchyma fibers?
a) Cotton
b) Ropes and textiles
c) Sugar
d) Pollen
b) Ropes and textiles