Exam #2 Study Guide

Question 1

How many bones in human body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

Example of long bones:

Answer 2

upper and lower limbs

Question 3

Example of short bones:

Answer 3

carpals and tarsals

Question 4

Example of flat bones:

Answer 4

skull bones, sternum, scapula, pelvis

Question 5

Example of irregular bones:

Answer 5

vertebrae

Question 6

Connective tissue that covers internal surface of bones:

Answer 6

endosteum

Question 7

Connective tissue that covers external surface of bones:

Answer 7

periosteum

Question 8

3 inorganic compounds of bone matrix:

Answer 8

hydroxyapatite
calcium phosphate
calcium hydroxide

Question 9

What is the basic unit of a compact bone?

Answer 9

osteon or Haversian system

Question 10

What is ossification?

Answer 10

formation and development of bone

Question 11

Intramembranous ossification develops from __________ and produces __________.

Answer 11

connective tissue / flat bones of skull, mandible, etc.

Question 12

Endochondral ossification develops from __________ and produces __________.

Answer 12

hyaline cartilage / most of other bones in body including limbs

Question 13

3 types of bones cells and function:

Answer 13

osteoclast - breaks down bone matrix
osteoblast - builds/forms bone
osteocyte - mature bone cell

Question 14

Growth in bone length occurs in the __________.

Answer 14

epiphyseal plate

Question 15

Growth in bone diameter occurs in the __________.

Answer 15

periosteum

Question 16

Bone growth, maintenance, and repair depend on:

Answer 16

calcium, hormones, vitamins, exercise

Question 17

What is the difference between the epiphyseal line and the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 17

Plate contains cartilage used for producing bone. The Line is formed after the Plate has stopped producing bone.

Question 18

Two types of osseous tissue:

Answer 18

compact bone (external surface; solid and dense) and spongy bone (internal surface; no osteons)

Question 19

3 regions of the axial skeleton?

Answer 19

skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

Question 20

Regions of appendicular skeleton:

Answer 20

girdles and limbs

Question 21

Where is the hyoid bone located?

Answer 21

below mandible, above larynx; used for speech and swallowing