Exam #2 Study Guide Flashcards
How many bones in human body?
206
Example of long bones:
upper and lower limbs
Example of short bones:
carpals and tarsals
Example of flat bones:
skull bones, sternum, scapula, pelvis
Example of irregular bones:
vertebrae
Connective tissue that covers internal surface of bones:
endosteum
Connective tissue that covers external surface of bones:
periosteum
3 inorganic compounds of bone matrix:
hydroxyapatite
calcium phosphate
calcium hydroxide
What is the basic unit of a compact bone?
osteon or Haversian system
What is ossification?
formation and development of bone
Intramembranous ossification develops from __________ and produces __________.
connective tissue / flat bones of skull, mandible, etc.
Endochondral ossification develops from __________ and produces __________.
hyaline cartilage / most of other bones in body including limbs
3 types of bones cells and function:
osteoclast - breaks down bone matrix
osteoblast - builds/forms bone
osteocyte - mature bone cell
Growth in bone length occurs in the __________.
epiphyseal plate
Growth in bone diameter occurs in the __________.
periosteum
Bone growth, maintenance, and repair depend on:
calcium, hormones, vitamins, exercise
What is the difference between the epiphyseal line and the epiphyseal plate?
Plate contains cartilage used for producing bone. The Line is formed after the Plate has stopped producing bone.
Two types of osseous tissue:
compact bone (external surface; solid and dense) and spongy bone (internal surface; no osteons)
3 regions of the axial skeleton?
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
Regions of appendicular skeleton:
girdles and limbs
Where is the hyoid bone located?
below mandible, above larynx; used for speech and swallowing
