CHAPTER 1: Anatomy

Question 1

define “anatomy”

Answer 1

study of structure (form)

Question 2

define “physiology”

Answer 2

study of function

Question 3

5 descriptors of “anatomical position”

Answer 3

1. standing upright
2. feet parallel on floor
3. arms at sides
4. palms facing upward
5. thumbs pointing away from body

Question 4

2 categories of anatomy

Answer 4

1. gross anatomy (macroscopic)
2. microscopic anatomy

Question 5

define “cytology”

Answer 5

study of cells

Question 6

define “histology”

Answer 6

study of tissues

Question 7

7 levels of organization of the human body

Answer 7

1. atoms (chemical level)
2. molecules (chemical level)
3. cells (cell level)
4. tissues (tissue level)
5. organs (organ level)
6. systems (organ system level)
7. organism (human body; organismal level)

Question 8

11 systems of human body and function

Answer 8

1. integumentary - encloses internal body structures, site of many sensory receptors
2. skeletal - supports the body, enables movement (with muscular system)
3. muscular - enables movement (with skeletal system), helps maintain body temperature
4. nervous - detects and processes sensory information, activates bodily responses
5. endocrine - secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes
6. cardiovascular - delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperature in body
7. lymphatic - returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens
8. respiratory - removes carbon dioxide from body, delivers oxygen to blood
9. digestive - processes food for body, removes wastes from undigested food
10. urinary - controls water balance in body, removes wastes from blood and excretes them
11. reproductive - produces sex hormones and gametes

Question 9

coronal plane divides…

Answer 9

anterior (front) & posterior (back)

Question 10

transverse plane divides…

Answer 10

superior (upper) & inferior (lower)

Question 11

sagittal plane divides…

Answer 11

left & right parts (mid-sagittal makes equal halves)
lateral…away from center of body
medial…towards center of body

Question 12

oblique plane divides…

Answer 12

through specimen at an angle

Question 13

3 components of thoracic cavity

Answer 13

mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity

Question 14

contents of mediastinum

Answer 14

heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, major blood vessels

Question 15

2 ventral cavities

Answer 15

thoracic & abdominopelvic; both lined with serous membranes

Question 16

2 components of abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 16

abdominal cavity & pelvic cavity

Question 17

pericardium

Answer 17

serous membrane around heart

Question 18

3 serous membrane components

Answer 18

visceral layer - lines organ
parietal layer - lines body wall
cavity - space between with serous fluid

Question 19

pleura

Answer 19

serous membrane around lungs & lines thoracic cavity

Question 20

peritoneum

Answer 20

serous membrane around abdominal organs & lines abdominopelvic cavity

Question 21

center regions of abdominopelvic cavity (top to bottom)

Answer 21

epigastric
umbilical
hypogastric

Question 22

left & right regions of abdominopelvic cavity (top to bottom)

Answer 22

hypochondriac
lumbar
iliac

Question 23

quadrants of abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 23

right/left upper
right/left lower