CHAPTER 2: The Cell Flashcards
3 basic parts of a cell and function
- plasma (cell) membrane - separates internal contents from external environment
- cytoplasm - contents between plasma membrane and nucleus
- nucleus - brain of cell, directs synthesis of proteins
plasma membrane
selectively permeable; regulates entry/exit of ions, nutrients, and waste
2 items in composition of cell membranes
lipids and proteins
what is osmosis?
the diffusion of water
how does nuclear envelope differ from plasma membrane?
it has a second phospholipid bilayer
what type of solution would distilled water be to our cells?
hypotonic, it contains no salt
what would happen to a blood cell in a hypertonic solution?
it would die, water would be pulled out of the cell
2 components in cytoplasm
- cytosol - water and dissolved substances
- organelles
smooth ER
synthesize, store, and move lipids
rough ER
synthesize, store, and move proteins
ribosomes
synthesizes proteins
golgi apparatus
modifies, packages, and sorts proteins that arrive from rough ER
lysosomes
digest materials and remove old/damaged organelles
peroxisomes
detoxify harmful molecules in cell
mitochondria
synthesizes most ATP, powerhouse of cell
cytoskeleton
network of proteins to make filaments or tubes
centrosome
pair of centrioles
centrioles
organize microtubules during cell division to separate chromosomes
cilia
move objects across surface
flagella
single, longer cilia (sperm)
microvilli
extend from plasma membrane to increase surface area and enhance transport
nucleus
control center for cell activity
3 parts of nucleus
- nuclear envelope - double membrane that controls entry/exit into nucleus from cytoplasm
- nucleoli or nucleolus - synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes
- chromatin - DNA filaments used to make chromosomes
