CHAPTER 2: The Cell

Question 1

3 basic parts of a cell and function

Answer 1

1. plasma (cell) membrane - separates internal contents from external environment
2. cytoplasm - contents between plasma membrane and nucleus
3. nucleus - brain of cell, directs synthesis of proteins

Question 2

plasma membrane

Answer 2

selectively permeable; regulates entry/exit of ions, nutrients, and waste

Question 3

2 items in composition of cell membranes

Answer 3

lipids and proteins

Question 4

what is osmosis?

Answer 4

the diffusion of water

Question 5

how does nuclear envelope differ from plasma membrane?

Answer 5

it has a second phospholipid bilayer

Question 6

what type of solution would distilled water be to our cells?

Answer 6

hypotonic, it contains no salt

Question 7

what would happen to a blood cell in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 7

it would die, water would be pulled out of the cell

Question 8

2 components in cytoplasm

Answer 8

1. cytosol - water and dissolved substances
2. organelles

Question 9

smooth ER

Answer 9

synthesize, store, and move lipids

Question 10

rough ER

Answer 10

synthesize, store, and move proteins

Question 11

ribosomes

Answer 11

synthesizes proteins

Question 12

golgi apparatus

Answer 12

modifies, packages, and sorts proteins that arrive from rough ER

Question 13

lysosomes

Answer 13

digest materials and remove old/damaged organelles

Question 14

peroxisomes

Answer 14

detoxify harmful molecules in cell

Question 15

mitochondria

Answer 15

synthesizes most ATP, powerhouse of cell

Question 16

cytoskeleton

Answer 16

network of proteins to make filaments or tubes

Question 17

centrosome

Answer 17

pair of centrioles

Question 18

centrioles

Answer 18

organize microtubules during cell division to separate chromosomes

Question 19

cilia

Answer 19

move objects across surface

Question 20

flagella

Answer 20

single, longer cilia (sperm)

Question 21

microvilli

Answer 21

extend from plasma membrane to increase surface area and enhance transport

Question 22

nucleus

Answer 22

control center for cell activity

Question 23

3 parts of nucleus

Answer 23

1. nuclear envelope - double membrane that controls entry/exit into nucleus from cytoplasm
2. nucleoli or nucleolus - synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes
3. chromatin - DNA filaments used to make chromosomes