Exam 2 Spine anatomy Flashcards
What nerves control the diaphragm?
C3, C4, C5
Which spinous processes bi-fork?
C-2 thru C-5
What is the Vertebra Prominens?
C-7’s spinous process
What do Vertebral arteries pass thru in the cervical section?
Transverse foramen
Why are the Transverse process in the neck are U-shaped?
to house spinal nerves
C-1 Atlas Info
- No process & no body but has Anterior arch
- No intervertebral disc between C-1 & C-2
- Anterior tubercle
- Superior articular facets hold base of skull connect to Occipital condyles
- Posterior arch
- Posterior tubercle
- Inferior articular process connects to C-2
- Facet for dens connects to Dens of C-2
How does C-2 connect to C-1?
Anterior articular facet connects to posterior side of the anterior arch of C-1
What are interlaminar foramen?
- Posterior openings underneath spinous processes & lamina
- Opens up more with leaning forward
Spinal ligaments are made of?
collagen
Ligamentum flava composed of?
Connects what?
Where is it present?
- Like thick rubber band. Very stretchy due to Elastin
- Connects vertebral arches
- Runs inside the vertebral arch (U-shaped)
What runs the entire length of spine & is used as structural reinforcement?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament is where?
Runs inside of vertebral bodies
What sits on top of spinous processes?
Supraspinous ligament
What connects each spinous processes
Interspinous ligaments
Intertransverse ligaments connect?
connect tips of transverse processes
Spinal Block goes thru? (in order)
Thru Supraspinous ligament then interspinous ligament then ligamentum flava
Why is posterior thoracic access difficult?
Fairly large spinous processes angling inferior.
Why are there flat spots on the thoracic bodies?
Left side due to aorta
What are the posterior rib connections?
superior & inferior costal facets or to costal facets of transverse processes
What makes up the sternal angle?
Rib2 connects to manubrium & body.
Which ribs have direct contact to sternum?
Ribs 3-7
What are false ribs?
Ribs 8-10. connect indirectly to sternum vvia cartilage.
Floating ribs are
Ribs 11-12
Which bodies are oval?
Lumbar
Where are the largest processes?
Lumbar
Spinal nerves exit through the?
Intervertebral foramen also called intervertebral pedicles
On what structure does L-5 sit?
Sacrum Promontory
Where does the spinal cord end?
L-1.
- Below that will be roots but no core.
CSF punctures best done where?
Below L-1/L-2= Less chance of injury. But CSF might be a bit older.
Sacrum connects to Lumbar spine where?
Superior articular process connects to inferior articular facet of L-5
What are the Transverse lines
where the Sacrum fused together.
What cavities are above & below the sacral promontory?
- Above Promontory is the abdominal cavity
- Below the Promontory is the pelvic cavity
Sacral canal comes into existence how?
Results from fusion of vertebral foramen.
Where are most sacral spinal nerves?
Sacral canal holds spinal nerves
What are Sacral foramina?
- Anterior larger nerves exit
- Posterior smaller nerves exit there
The fusion of spinous processes results in?
Median sacral crest
Fusion of transverse processes results in?
Lateral sacral crests (L & R)
Fusion of transverse processes results in?
Lateral sacral crests (L & R)
Fusion of superior & inferior articular processes results in?
Medial sacral crests
Coccyx formed from & info?
- Fusion of coccygeal vertebrae.
- C-1 stays on its own
- C-2 – C-4 fuse to form coccygeal vertebrae #2
Iliac crest landmark?
Most superior part
Easy way to find L-4’s body?
Line drawn from L to R iliac crest will be L-4 body
What are next to the pubic symphysis?
Pubic tubercles= 1 on each side of the pubic symphysis
Inguinal ligament connects?
Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle.
What is inferior to the inguinal ligament?
Femoral artery & vein.
Iliolumbar ligament connects
L-4 transverse processes to top of sacrum
Posterior sacrococcygeal connects?
Posterior superior iliac spine to sacrum
What covers intervertebral surfaces?
Hyaline cartilage end plate
What envelops the Nucelus pulposus?
Annulus fibrosis
What envelops the Nucelus pulposus?
Annulus fibrosis
What gives flexibility & shock absorption
Nucleus puposus
What gives flexibility & shock absorption
Nucleus puposus
Crossing fibers are there for & found where?
- give great amount of stability
- more in the front compared to posterior.
Rupture or bulging disc happens where & treatment options?
- Most likely towards rear or side.
Treatment:
- Remove some bone.
- Excise herniation
- Rods if instability –> reduces tension.
- Fusions: over time puts more stress on discs superior & inferior to fusion.
How many spinal veins are there?
Anterior=1
Posterior= 3
An afferent signal is send thru what part of the spinal cord?
Dorsal horn
