Exam 2 Cranial Blood flow Flashcards
What are the 4 brain feed arteries?
2 vertebral arteries & 2 internal carotids
Which artery is larger? The vertebral or internal carotid?
Internal carotid
Which arteries run through the transverse foramen?
Vertebral arteries
Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?
With the brainstem in the foramen magnum
The vertebral arteries combine into _________ artery, which sits on top of the _____?
Basilar, PONS
The Basilar artery splits to become the?
Posterior arteries
What structure connects all parts of the brain’s blood supply?
Circle of Willis
The ____ arteries perfuse the posterior brain & the _____ perfuse the anterior brain.
Vertebral & carotid
The ICA’s become the ____ & perfuse the ___ of the brain?
Middle cerebral artery & middle
The anterior cerebral artery branches of which artery?
The middle cerebral artery
What is the purpose of the Circle of Willis?
Provide collateral flow when there are blockages in the main arteries
What are the 2 parts of the anterior cerebral artery?
Part A1 Pre-communicating art is before anterior communicating artery & Part A2 Post-communicating art is past the anterior communicating artery.
____ & _____ are part of the Circle of Willis & ___ & ____ are extensions of the Circle of Willis.
A1 & P1 / A2 & P2
How many communicating arteries & cerebral arteries are there?
3 & 3
How many arteries are there for the cerebellum & their names?
Superior cerebellar artery, Anterior Inferior artery, & Posterior Inferior artery.
How many arteries are there for the cerebellum & their names?
Superior cerebellar artery, Anterior Inferior artery, & Posterior Inferior artery.
The superior cerebellar arteries branch of the ______, the Posterior Inferior arteries branch off the ___ & the Anterior Inferior arteries branch off the ___?
Basilar artery, Vertebral arteries, Basilar artery
Having a stroke in the _____ cerebral artery would be the worst kind of stroke.
Middle cerebral artery
What are a lot of cranial veins composed of & why?
Dura mater extensions. Are fibrous = more rigid.
True or false. Most cranial veins do not have smooth muscle.
True Only the very small ones on top of the Pia layer do
Where is O2 saturation of the brain measured & what is it supposed to be?
On the internal jugular vein (SjO2 & around 70 - 75%).
At what SjO2 level should one become concerned & intervene?
Around 60%
Which side of jugular veins is usually larger in people?
The right side 65%
Which vein drains blood into the superior vena cava?
The brachiocephalic vein
What vein sits on top of the Falx cerebri?
The superior sagittal sinus
Arachnoid granulations are in which vein?
The superior sagittal sinus
Which vein sits on top of the corpus collosum?
The inferior sagittal sinus
The inferior sagittal sinus turns into the _____ and then drains into the ____.
Straight Sinus & Confluence of the sinuses
The superior sagittal sinus drains into what?
Confluence of the sinuses
Which vein wraps around the brainstem & what is another name for it?
Great cerebral vein or vein of Galen
What is the function of the vein of Galen?
Drain blood coming of the cerebellum
If the vein of Galen is not functioning properly it can cause what & why?
Signs of hydrocephalus, because it wraps around brainstem, ventricular system, & cerebellum and would cause issues if not properly draining.
Which cranial vein would one want to have least problems with?
Vein of Galen or the Great cerebral vein
What is the main drain point for most cranial veins?
The great cerebral vein
The straight sinus connects what two things?
The inferior sagittal sinus & the Confluence of sinuses
The straight sinus connects what two things?
The inferior sagittal sinus & the Confluence of sinuses
The Confluence of sinus drains into the ____ which then drain into the ____ &then thru the ___foramen into the ____ veins?
Transverse sinuses, Sigmoid sinuses, jugular foramen & jugular veins
What is the Cavernous Sinus is responsible for?
Venous drainage of the anterior skull & the eyes.
What is the landmark for the Confluence of Sinus?
The external occipital protuberance
The most superior part of the nuchal ligament connects to what structure?
The external occipital protuberance
What are the most likely causes of a cranial aneurysm?
HTN, DM, alcoholism, high cholesterol, age
Subarachnoid aneurysm is caused by venous or arterial blood?
Arterial
What is the worst place to have an aneurysm & what are they called?
Circle of Willis called Barry aneurysm
A hemorrhagic stroke can lead to what & why?
To an ischemic stroke due to byproducts entering the CSF causing vasospasm.
Damage to what structure/s is mostly likely the cause of a subdural hematoma?
Damage to sinuses or venous vessels feeding the sinuses.
What is the most common artery causing an epidural hematoma?
The Middle meningeal artery
Blunt force trauma is most likely to cause what kind of hematoma?
Epidural hematoma
What are the sings & symptoms of an epidural hematoma?
Nausea, vomiting, weakness, balance problems
Where does a lot of cognition in the cerebral cortex happen?
On the periphery (gray matter)
