Exam 2: Sodium disorders

Question 1

Total body water is ** of our body weight.

How much of that is intracellular vs extracellular?

Answer 1

60%

40% intracellular
20% extracellular

Question 2

What are the solutes that determine the calculated osmolality of the ECF?

Answer 2

Sodium, glucose, and urea

Question 3

High amount of osmotically active substances can lead to an elevated ***.

Answer 3

Osmolality gap

Question 4

What does tonicity mean?

Answer 4

The ability of the combined effect of all the solutes to generate an osmotic driving force that causes water movement from one compartment to another

Question 5

What are some common causes of hypervolemia?

Answer 5

Liver disease, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, Cushings disease, acute/chronic renal failure

Question 6

What two things influence water retention?

Answer 6

Thirst and ADH

Question 7

What influences salt retention?

Answer 7

RAAS

Question 8

What is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients?

Answer 8

Hyponatremia

Question 9

What is considered the “danger zone” for Na?

Answer 9

Below 125

Question 10

What are some common clinical manifestations of hyponatremia?

Answer 10

HA, N/V, seizures, confusion, weakness

Question 11

What is pseudohyponatremia?

Answer 11

Falsely low serum Na, but normal osmolality. Occurs with hyperlipidemia and hyperproteinemia
-This is a lab artifact