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Neuroscience-special topic > Exam 2: Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Exam 2: Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What illnesses have increased risk for schizophrenia?

A

Alzheimer’s, MS, insulin diabetes, muscular dystrophy

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2
Q

Schizophrenia costs us ____

Effects ____ worldwide

A

billions worldwide

$63 billion

> 50 million

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3
Q

1 treatment for schizophrenia

A

Neuroleptics

mixed efficacy, multiple side effects, poor compliance

blurred vision, hypotension, arrhythmia, low bp, emotional disturbance, cognitive decline, tardive dyskinesia, abnormal lactation, weight gain, tremor, fatigue.

Medication: side effects no treatment

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4
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

delusions, hallucination’s, disorganized thinking,

movement (stereotypy, catatonia)

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5
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A 
Apathy 
Ahedonia
Asocial behaviors
Speech Reductions
Loss of Attention
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6
Q

Cognitive- Executive function

A

poor memory, attention, inhibition, flexibility, planning, problem solving.

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7
Q

Delusions

A

idiosyncratic belief/impression, firmly maintained despite being contradicted by what is accepted as reality or rational argument

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8
Q

Delusions in delusional disorder

A

erotomaniac

grandiose

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9
Q

Schizophrenia

A 
tormented 
followed
sabotaged
tricked 
spied-on
ridiculed
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10
Q

Hallucinations

A

apparent perception of something not present (mostly auditory)

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11
Q

Disorganization

A

disordered thought, inappropriate emotions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior.

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12
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Target DA receptors

Brains of Schizophrenic patients have too many DA receptors

Amphetamines’/meth/cocaine

Parkinson’s patients that OD on L-DOPA can exhibit psychosis

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13
Q

Problems with Antipsychotics

A

also target serotonin

patients don’t take regularly due to side effects

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14
Q

Schizophrenic brain

A

every region of brain has changes

no morphological marker for disease

no single region in every schizophrenic

enlarged ventricles

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15
Q

What have genetics studies shown in schizophrenia?

A

no bona fide susceptibility genes

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16
Q

Environmental risks for Schizophrenia

A

Cannabis, childhood trauma, vitamin D insufficiency, malnutrition, social defeat, infection induced activation of HERVs, smoking, social cognition. But not 100% associated with disease.

17
Q

What is a functional approach to studying the brain?

A

Dendritic spines, if you look at individual circuits, tells you circuit is misfunctioning, know where to look for genes.

18
Q

How do you study schizophrenic symptoms in animal model?

A

Endophenotypes- quantitate, heritable traits that can be studied in isolation in order to understand the disease in pieces rather than as a whole

19
Q

22q11DS

DiGeorge/Velocardiofacial Syndrome

A

Abnormal craniofacial development
Heart/immune defects
90% learning disabled
~30% schizophrenia

20
Q

What is the mouse used to model 22q11DS?

A

DF(16)1/+

deletion syndrome
genes are about the same

21
Q

mouse study: consequences in hippocampus

A

age-dependent spatial memory deficit

early adulthood have memory deficits

SERCA2 protein is elevated in Df(16)1/+ hippocampus at 16 weeks

Beta-actin elevated on onset

Ca2+ in ER released when plasticity induced. Too much plasticity

22
Q

SERCA2 protein in Df(16)1/+ hippocampus

A

elevated at 16 weeks

23
Q

____ has elevated onset in mouse

A

beta-actin

24
Q

Ca2+ in ER released when ____ induced. How does this effect moues model?

A

plasticity induced

Too much plasticity when calcium in ER released

25
Q

Df(16)1/+ mice display

A

age-dependent increase in long-term potentiation

26
Q

What blocks synaptic disparities of Df(16)1/+ mice

A

SERCA inhibitors

27
Q

DGCR8 gene in microRNA biogenesis

Microarray

A

of microRNA only 3 predicted on circa

model for Dgcr8+- effect on hippocampal function- some target certain protein. Why? 22q11DS. If you lose controllers, circuit goes up, age of onset phenotypes in mouse. More NT released.

28
Q

miRNA rescue

A

Adenoviral strategy

rescue plasticity deficit in Dgcr8+/-mice

29
Q

Describe the model for Dgcr8+/- effect on hippocampal function

A

less miRNA-25

can’t inhibit SERCA, lots of Ca2+ in ER

lots Ca2+ release from vesicles

30
Q

What happens to SERCA2 levels in patients with schizophrenia?

A

increased in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

Neuroscience-special topic (8 decks)

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