Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MedSurg > Exam 2 Review: Hematologic Problems > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review: Hematologic Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What patient population might have the most issues with anemia?

A

Women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of anemia caused by?

A

Body’s response to tissue hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What expected patient outcome of anemia displays that the patient is trying to compensate for low RBC levels?

A

Tachycardia, the heart is beating faster to circulate more blood in order to compensate for low fluid levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the ultimate goal of anemia?

A

Correcting the cause of anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What treatment option is prioritized for patients with anemia?

A

Oxygen therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anemia patients are treated with what supplement? What is a side effect?

A

Iron; constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some underlying causes of anemia? (5)

A
  • iron deficiency
  • bleeding
  • chronic disease/inflammation
  • renal insufficiency
  • hematologic cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is it difficult to diagnose older patients with anemia?

A

Because there may be no identifiable cause of anemia in the older adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What signs and symptoms may not be recognized for anemia? (4)

A

Pallor, cyanosis, confusion, fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In severely anemic patients, what would you expect to find?

A

Dyspnea and tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A client with anemia may be tired due to a tissue deficiency of what substance?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common nutritional disorder in the world?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can iron deficiency anemia be caused by? (4)

A
  • inadequate dietary intake
  • blood loss
  • hemolysis
  • chronic GI blood loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia? (3)

A
  • pallor: most common
  • glossitis: inflammation of the tongue
  • cheilitis: inflammation of the lips
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Iron deficient patients will receive what supplement? What is it best absorbed with? What patient teaching should be included?

A
  • iron
  • best absorbed with vitamin C (orange juice)
  • warn patient that stool will be dark and tarry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is thalassemia?

A

Inadequate production of normal hemoglobin resulting in a decrease in erythrocyte production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is thalassemia managed? (3)

A
  • blood transfusions
  • iron/zinc supplements
  • chelating agents to bind iron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the primary pathophysiology underlying thalassemia?

A

Inadequate hemoglobin of synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Megaloblastic anemia is caused by?

A

Impaired DNA synthesis causes the RBCs to become large (macrocytic) and abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the GI signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia? (4)

A
  • soreness
  • red
  • beefy tongue
  • anorexia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Patients with pernicious anemia have the inability to absorb? How is it treated?

A

Unable to absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor; treated using an IM injection of B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the neuromuscular signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia? (3)

A
  • muscle weakness
  • paresthesia of exts
  • impaired thought process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia?

A

Folic acid deficiency (needed for the synthesis of RBC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the normal serum folate level?

A

3-16 mg/mL

25
Q

Folic acid deficiency is treated with replacement therapy. What is the usual dose?

A

1 mg per day PO

26
Q

The nurse should instruct the patient to eat which food to obtain the best supply of vitamin B12?

A

Meats and dairy products

27
Q

Patients with pernicious anemia have which lab result?

A

Intrinsic factor, absent

28
Q

Patient with pernicious anemia asks the nurse why she must take vitamin B12 injections for the rest of her life. What is the best response?

A

You are unable to absorb the vitamin because your stomach is not producing enough intrinsic factor

29
Q

What is aplastic anemia?

A

Disease in which patient has peripheral blood pancytopenia, a decrease in all types of RBC (WBC, platelets, red blood cells)

30
Q

What is the main concern for patients with aplastic anemia?

A

The patient will not have a high functioning immune system

31
Q

Which lab finding supports the diagnosis for aplastic anemia?

A

Reduced RBCs (WBC, platelets, red blood cells)

32
Q

What is the main vital sign that a nurse should be concerned about in a patient with acute blood loss?

A

O2 saturation

33
Q

Why is pain assessment important for patients with acute blood loss?

A

To determine internal hemorrhage

34
Q

Chronic blood loss is related to? It is considered as?

A

Depletion of iron stores and is considered an iron-deficiency anemia

35
Q

How is chronic blood loss managed? (2)

A
  • identifying the source and stop the bleeding

- supplemental iron

36
Q

Hemolytic anemia is caused by?

A

destruction or hemolysis of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production

37
Q

What is the major focus during treatment for a patient with hemolytic anemia?

A

Maintain renal function (kidneys are not getting perfused because of low RBC and must work extra hard to filter the hemolyzed RBC)

38
Q

Sickle cell disease is caused by?

A

Hemoglobin S, causes the erythrocyte to stiffen and take on a sickle shape due to inadequate oxygen

39
Q

Sickle cell anemia affects what part of ventilation?

A

transportation

40
Q

What can cause a sickling event? (8)

A
  • infection
  • high altitude
  • emotional/physical stress
  • surgery
  • blood loss
  • dehydration
  • hypoxemia
  • temp variations esp cold weather
41
Q

Sickle cell crisis causes?

A

acute exacerbation causing vaso-occlusive crisis which causes severe pain

42
Q

How to prevent pulmonary embolism in patients with sickle cell anemia? (2)

A

ambulation and SCD devices

43
Q

Sickle cell anemic patients are on high alert because they are at risk for?

A

respiratory failure

44
Q

A patient who is having a sickle cell crisis asks the nurse why the sickling causes such pain. The nurse explains that the pain is caused by?

A

Tissue hypoxia caused by small blood vessel occlusion, leading to tissue necrosis

45
Q

What should be part of the patient teaching for sickle cell disease? (2)

A
  • avoid dehydration

- avoid high altitudes

46
Q

Acquired hemolytic anemia is treated by? (3)

A
  • supportive care until the causing agent is found
  • aggressive hydration
  • electrolyte replacement
47
Q

What are additional treatment options for acquired anemia? (3)

A
  • corticosteroid
  • blood products
  • remove the spleen
48
Q

Acquired hemolytic anemia is caused by? (3)

A

Hemolysis of RBCs from extrinsic factors:

  • physical destruction
  • antibody reaction
  • infectious agents
49
Q

Hemochromatosis is?

A

Iron overload disorder

50
Q

What are nonspecific signs and symptoms of hemochromatosis? (5)

A
  • PAIN
  • fatigue
  • arthralgia
  • impotent
  • weight loss
51
Q

Hemochromatosis is mostly seen in?

A

Men

52
Q

What is the normal iron level?

A

2-6 g

53
Q

Thrombocytopenia is?

A

Platelet below 150,000 (needed to clot)

54
Q

Signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia? (3)

A
  • mucosal bleeding
  • petechiae
  • superficial ecchymosis
55
Q

When there are multiple petechiae, what is this called?

A

purpura

56
Q

What is the antidote for heparin?

A

protamine sulfate

57
Q

Nursing management for thrombocytopenia? (2)

A
  • discourage OTC (gingko, garlic, ginger)

- keep surroundings clean and cover sharp corners

58
Q

What risk factor increases the chances of sickle cell crisis?

A

dehydration

MedSurg (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions