Exam 1 Review Continuation

Question 1

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for pneumonia?

Answer 1

Impaired Gas Exchange

Question 2

What is the primary goal for a patient with pneumonia?

Answer 2

Have the patient alert to person, place, time, current situation and achieve normal oxygen saturation

Question 3

Whare are some main characteristics of asthma? (3)

Answer 3

• coughing
• dyspnea
• chest tightness

Question 4

How is an organ matched? (2)

Answer 4

• lower panel of reactive antibody levels

- HLA (human leukocyte antigen) typing of at least 4 similar antigens

Question 5

What is the first test that is done to determine if the donor is able to donate to the recipient?

Answer 5

HLA typing

Question 6

What is a crossmatch used for in organ transplant?

Answer 6

To determine if there are antibodies against the potential donor

Question 7

What is the desired outcome for a crossmatch for a patient who is to receive an organ transplant?

Answer 7

a NEGATIVE crossmatch to indicate that there are no preformed antibodies

Question 8

What does a positive crossmatch indicate?

Answer 8

That the recipient has cytotoxic antibodies to the donor and cannot receive the organ

Question 9

What are 3 post-op transplant complications?

Answer 9

• hyperacute rejection
• acute rejection
• chronic rejection

Question 10

When is the diagnosis of AIDS made?

Answer 10

When an HIV-infected patient meets the criteria established by the CDC

Question 11

What are the opportunistic infections that accompany AIDS? (5) Which is the most common?

Answer 11

• fungal
• viral
• protozoal
• bacterial
• pneumonia: most common

Question 12

If an HIV patient comes in with pneumonia, what are they diagnosed with?

Answer 12

AIDS

Question 13

Diagnostic testing for HIV?

Answer 13

Testing for HIV antibodies/antigens in the blood

Question 14

What is the window period?

Answer 14

A delay of several weeks after initial infection before HIV infection can be detected on a screen test

Question 15

What are 2 lab tests used to detect AIDS?

Answer 15

• CD4+ T cell count

- viral load

Question 16

Positive AIDS test using CD4+ T cell count indicated by?

Answer 16

CD4+ T cell count BELOW 200 cells/ul

Question 17

What is a viral load test used to indicate?

Answer 17

a good indicator to test whether or not treatment for AIDS is effective

Question 18

If someone tests positive for HIV, they have?

Answer 18

HIV antibodies

Question 19

2 tests used to diagnose HIV?

Answer 19

• western blot test

- ELISA: performed multiple times to verify

Question 20

The nurse is caring for a patient with diagnosed HIV. The patient asks what would determine the actual development of AIDS. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that what is a diagnostic criterion for AIDS?

Answer 20

CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/ul

Question 21

Why can drug therapy or HIV infection be ineffective? (2)

Answer 21

• non-compliance

- virus ability to incorporate into the host’s genetic make-up

Question 22

An undetectable viral load does not mean?

Answer 22

That the patient cannot still transmit the HIV to others

Question 23

HIV is what virus?

Answer 23

RNA (retrovirus) virus

Question 24

What is the target cell for HIV? What happens once the HIV RNA enters the cell?

Answer 24

CD4+ T cells; triggers the release of reverse transcriptase and are destroyed as the HIV virions release and multiply; opportunistic diseases develop once many CD4+ T cells are destroyed

Question 25

Nursing care for patients with HIV? (4)

Answer 25

• HIV cannot be cured, antiretroviral (ART) therapy can reduce viral load and delay progression
• drug adherence
• healthy lifestyle, protection of others
• assist patient emotionally